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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">helmholtzeyeinstitute</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский офтальмологический журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Ophthalmological Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-0076</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-5760</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Real time Publishers</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21516/2072-0076-2022-15-3-46-51</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">helmholtzeyeinstitute-1048</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Клинико-морфофункциональные изменения сетчатки при миопии высокой степени в сочетании с возрастной макулярной дегенерацией разных стадий</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Retinal clinical and morphofunctional changes in high myopia in combination with age-related macular degeneration of different stages</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5899-2714</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мошетова</surname><given-names>Л. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Moshetova</surname><given-names>L. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лариса Константиновна Мошетова — доктор медицинских наук, профессор, академик РАН, президент, заведующая кафедрой офтальмологии.</p><p>Ул. Баррикадная, д. 2/1, Москва, 123995</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Larisa K. Moshetova — Dr. of Med. Sci., professor, academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, president, head of chair of ophthalmology.</p><p>2/1, Barrikadnaya St., Moscow, 123995</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4506-4986</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алексеев</surname><given-names>И. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alekseev</surname><given-names>I. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Игорь Борисович Алексеев — доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры офтальмологии, врач-офтальмолог.</p><p>Ул. Баррикадная, д. 2/1, Москва, 123995; 2-й Боткинский пр-д, д. 5, Москва, 125284; Ломоносовский проспект, д. 43, Москва, 119192</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Igor B. Alekseev — Dr. of Med. Sci., professor of chair of ophthalmology, ophthalmologist.</p><p>2/1, Barrikadnaya St., Moscow, 123995; 5, 2nd Botkinsky passage, Moscow, 125284; 43, Lomonosov Ave., Moscow, 119192</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2707-8417</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Воробьева</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vorobyeva</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ирина Витальевна Воробьева — доктор медицинских наук, доцент кафедры офтальмологии, врач-офтальмолог.</p><p>Ул. Баррикадная, д. 2/1, Москва, 123995; 2-й Боткинский пр-д, д. 5, Москва, 125284</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina V. Vorobyeva — Dr. of Med. Sci., associate professor of chair of ophthalmology1, ophthalmologist.</p><p>2/1, Barrikadnaya St., Moscow, 123995; 5, 2nd Botkinsky passage, Moscow, 125284</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4353-8260</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нам</surname><given-names>Ю. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nam</surname><given-names>Yu. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юлия Аркадьевна Нам — врач-офтальмолог.</p><p>Ломоносовский проспект, д. 43, Москва, 119192</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yuliya A. Nam — ophthalmologist.</p><p>43, Lomonosov Ave., Moscow, 119192</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yuliyanam@rocketmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ДПО РМАНПО Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ДПО РМАНПО Минздрава России; ГБУЗ «ГКБ им. С.П. Боткина» ДЗМ; ФБУЗ ЛРЦ «Филиал Минэкономразвития России»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education; S.P. Botkin City Clinical Hospital; Medical Rehabilitation Centre</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ДПО РМАНПО Минздрава России; ГБУЗ «ГКБ им. С.П. Боткина» ДЗМ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education; S.P. Botkin City Clinical Hospital</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУЗ ЛРЦ «Филиал Минэкономразвития России»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Medical Rehabilitation Centre</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>09</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>46</fpage><lpage>51</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мошетова Л.К., Алексеев И.Б., Воробьева И.В., Нам Ю.А., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мошетова Л.К., Алексеев И.Б., Воробьева И.В., Нам Ю.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Moshetova L.K., Alekseev I.B., Vorobyeva I.V., Nam Y.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://roj.igb.ru/jour/article/view/1048">https://roj.igb.ru/jour/article/view/1048</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель работы — анализ клинико-морфофункциональных изменений сетчатки при сочетанной патологии — миопии высокой степени и возрастной макулярной дегенерации (ВМД) разных стадий.</p><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Обследованы 45 пациентов (87 глаз), средний возраст — 60 лет, с высокой миопией (среднее значение сферического эквивалента (SE) рефракции -11,0 дптр [-15,0; -7,125]) и «сухой» формой ВМД категории AREDS 1, 2, 3, а также 3 группы контроля той же возрастной группы: 1-я группа — 30 здоровых лиц (58 глаз) без каких-либо изменений сетчатки (SE от -0,25 дптр до +0,5 дптр); 2-я группа — 20 человек (38 глаз) с изолированной миопией высокой степени (SE ³ 6,5 дптр); 3-я группа — 20 человек (36 глаз) с «сухой» формой ВМД (AREDS 2, 3). Оценивали максимально корригированную остроту зрения (МКОЗ), показатели светочувствительности сетчатки (MD, PSD) по данным компьютерной периметрии, а также морфологические характеристики: центральную толщину сетчатки (ЦТС), длину передне-задней оси глазного яблока, состояние макулярной области сетчатки по данным оптической когерентной томографии (ОКТ) в режиме b -сканирования и аутофлуоресценции (АФ).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. При сочетанной патологии выявлено достоверное снижение среднего значения МКОЗ до 0,5 [0,3; 0,7] (p &lt; 0,001), а также показателей светочувствительности сетчатки по сравнению с контролем: MD до -4,36 dB (р &lt; 0,001), PSD до 2,97 dB (р &lt; 0,001). ЦТС статистически достоверно не отличалась от контроля и была равна 235 мкм (p = 0,122). Морфологические изменения сетчатки соответствовали высокой миопии и ВМД: куполообразный профиль, лаковые трещины, параваскулярные ретинальные микрокисты, параваскулярные ламеллярные разрывы; миопическая макулопатия в виде эпиретинальной мембраны, витреомакулярной тракции вследствие неполного витреоретинального отщепления, миопический фовеошизис; пятнистая хориоретинальная атрофия, области диффузной атрофии пигментного эпителия сетчатки, повреждение линии сочленения наружных и внутренних сегментов фоторецепторов. Увеличение числа и размеров друз зависело от стадии ВМД. Нормальная АФ глазного дна отсутствовала. Патологическая АФ включала минимальные изменения по типу фокальной гипо- и гипераутофлуоресценции, ретикулярный паттерн, очаговый паттерн, линейный паттерн, кружевоподобный паттерн, участки географической атрофии с выраженной гипоаутофлуоресценцией.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Показаны изменения показателей ОКТ и поля зрения (MD, PSD) при коморбидной патологии (сочетании ВМД с высокой миопией), сопоставлены морфофункциональные показатели при различных стадиях ВМД и установлена диагностическая роль АФ.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Purpose</title><p>Purpose: an analysis of clinical and morphofunctional changes of the retina in high myopia combined with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) of various stages.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. We examined 45 patients (87 eyes, mean age 60 years) with high myopia (ave. spherical equivalent (SE) of refraction -11.0 D [-15.0; -7.125]) and the “dry” form of AMD, categories AREDS 1, 2, 3. Additionally, we formed three control groups of the same age range:  group 1 consisted of 30 healthy subjects (58 eyes) with a SE between -0.25 D and +0.5 D and no retinal changes; group 2 included 20 patients (38 eyes) with isolated high myopia (SE +0.5 D and no retinal changes; group 2 included 20 patients (38 eyes) with isolated high myopia (SE ³ 6.5 D) and group 3 included another 20 patients (36 eyes) with the “dry” AMD form (AREDS 2, 3). We evaluated the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), indicators of retinal photosensitivity (MD, PSD) according to computer perimetry data, and morphological characteristics: central retinal thickness (CRT), the anteroposterior axis of the eyeball, the condition of the macular region of the retina according to optical coherence tomography (OCT) in the β-scan mode and autofluorescence (AF).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results: in case of the combined pathology, we detected a reliable reduction of average BCVA to the level of 0.5 [0.3; 0.7] (p &lt; 0.001) and a reduced factor of retinal photosensitivity as compared to the control: MD to -4.36 dB (р&lt;0.001), PSD to 2.97 dB (р &lt; 0.001). CRT was 235 μm (p = 0.122), which showed no statistically significant differences to the control. Morphological changes of the retina corresponded to high myopia and AMD: a dome-shaped profile, lacquer cracks, paravascular retinal microcysts, paravascular lamellar ruptures; myopic maculopathy in the form of an epiretinal membrane, vitreomacular traction due to incomplete vitreoretinal cleavage, myopic foveoshisis; patchy chorioretinal atrophy, areas of diffuse RPE atrophy, damage of the junction line of the outer and inner segments of photoreceptors. The increase in the number and size of drusen depended on the stage of AMD. Normal autofluorescence of the fundus was absent. Pathological AF included minimal changes patterned as focal hypo- and hyperautofluorescence, reticular pattern, focal pattern, linear pattern, lace-like pattern, areas of geographic atrophy with pronounced hypoautofluorescence.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Changes in OCT and visual field parameters (MD, PSD) in comorbid pathology (AMD combined with high myopia) were revealed. The morphofunctional indicators were compared for different AMD stages, and the diagnostic significance of AF was established.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>миопия высокой степени</kwd><kwd>возрастная макулярная дегенерация</kwd><kwd>оптическая когерентная томография</kwd><kwd>аутофлуоресценция</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>high myopia</kwd><kwd>age-related macular degeneration</kwd><kwd>optical coherence tomography</kwd><kwd>autofluorescence</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tano Y. Pathologic myopia: where are we now? Am. J. Ophthalmol. 2002; 134 (5): 645–60. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9394(02)01883-4</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tano Y. Pathologic myopia: where are we now? Am. J. 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