helmholtzeyeinstituteРоссийский офтальмологический журналRussian Ophthalmological Journal2072-00762587-5760Real time Publishers10.21516/2072-0076-2022-15-4-144-149helmholtzeyeinstitute-1114Research ArticleОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫREVIEWSРаспространенность миопии и эпидемиологические факторы, обусловливающие ее развитиеPrevalence of myopia and epidemiological factors contributing to its developmentАпрелевА. Е.AprelevA. E.

Александр Евгеньевич Апрелев — д-р мед. наук, доцент, заведующий кафедрой офтальмологии

ул. Советская, д. 6, Оренбург, 460000

Alexander E. Aprelev — Dr. of Med. Sci., docent, head of chair ofophthalmology

6, Sovetskaya St., Orenburg, 460000

aprelev@mail.ruЧеркасовС. В.CherkasovS. V.

Сергей Викторович Черкасов — д-р мед. наук, член-корреспондент РАН, директор

ул. Набережная, д. 29, Оренбург, 460014

Sergei V. Cherkasov — Dr. of Med. Sci., corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, director

29, Naberezhnaya St., Orenburg, 460014

АпрелевА. А.AprelevA. A.

Александр Александрович Апрелев — студент 6-го курса

ул. Советская, д. 6, Оренбург, 460000

Alexander A. Aprelev — 6th year student

6, Sovetskaya St., Orenburg, 460000

ЧеркасоваП. С.CherkasovaP. S.

Полина Сергеевна Черкасова — студентка 5-го курса

ул. Советская, д. 6, Оренбург, 460000

Polina S. Cherkasova — 5th year student

6, Sovetskaya St., Orenburg, 460000

СеребряковаП. Е.SerebryakovaP. E.

Полина Евгеньевна Серебрякова — студентка 4-го курса

ул. Советская, д. 6, Оренбург, 460000

Polina E. Serebryakova — 4th year student

6, Sovetskaya St., Orenburg, 460000

ФГБОУ ВО «Оренбургский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава РоссииРоссияOrenburg State Medical UniversityRussian FederationФГБУН «Оренбургский федеральный исследовательский центр УрО РАН»РоссияOrenburg Federal Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation202214122022154144149Copyright © Апрелев А.Е., Черкасов С.В., Апрелев А.А., Черкасова П.С., Серебрякова П.Е., 20222022Апрелев А.Е., Черкасов С.В., Апрелев А.А., Черкасова П.С., Серебрякова П.Е.Aprelev A.E., Cherkasov S.V., Aprelev A.A., Cherkasova P.S., Serebryakova P.E.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://roj.igb.ru/jour/article/view/1114

Миопия, наиболее частая аномалия рефракции, при прогрессировании вызывает целый ряд опасных и тяжелых осложнений, которые впоследствии способны привести к резкому снижению качества жизни и инвалидности лиц молодого и трудоспособного возраста. Тенденция к увеличению частоты миопии обусловлена резким ростом зрительных и психологических нагрузок, которые, в свою очередь, являются следствием стремительного научно-технического прогресса и повсеместной урбанизации. Немаловажную роль в возникновении данного заболевания играют также генетические факторы, этническая принадлежность, возраст, наличие хронических заболеваний и образ жизни.

Myopia, which is the most common disorder of refraction, in case of progression causes a variety of dangerous and severe complications, which can eventually lead to a significant decrease in the quality of life and disability in young and working age people. The growing trend of myopia prevalence is due to a significant increase in visual work and psychological stress, which, in their turn, are explained by rapid scientific and technological progress and extensive urbanization. The genetic, ethnic and age factors, as well as the presence of chronic diseases and general lifestyle, also play an important role in the onset of myopia.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.