<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">helmholtzeyeinstitute</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский офтальмологический журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Ophthalmological Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-0076</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-5760</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Real time Publishers</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21516/2072-0076-2023-16-2-177-182</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">helmholtzeyeinstitute-1254</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние новой коронавирусной инфекции COVID-19 на микроциркуляцию глаза</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The impact of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19 on the microcirculation of the eye</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маркелова</surname><given-names>О. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Markelova</surname><given-names>O. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Оксана Игоревна Маркелова, аспирант отдела глаукомы,</p><p>ул. Садовая-Черногрязская, д. 14/19, Москва, 105062</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oksana I. Markelova, PhD student, department of glaucoma,</p><p>14/19, Sadovaya-Chernogryazskaya St., Moscow, 105062</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петров</surname><given-names>С. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrov</surname><given-names>S. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сергей Юрьевич Петров, д-р мед. наук, начальник отдела глаукомы,</p><p>ул. Садовая-Черногрязская, д. 14/19, Москва, 105062</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey Yu. Petrov, Dr. of Med. Sci., head, department of glaucoma,</p><p>14/19, Sadovaya-Chernogryazskaya St., Moscow, 105062</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">glaucomatosis@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Охоцимская</surname><given-names>Т. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Okhotsimskaya</surname><given-names>T. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Татьяна Дмитриевна Охоцимская, канд. мед. наук, врачофтальмолог отдела патологии сетчатки и зрительного нерва,</p><p>ул. Садовая-Черногрязская, д. 14/19, Москва, 105062</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatiana D. Okhotsimskaya, Cand. of Med. Sci., ophthalmologist, department or retina and optic nerve pathology,</p><p>14/19, Sadovaya-Chernogryazskaya St., Moscow, 105062</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «НМИЦ глазных болезней им. Гельмгольца» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>07</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>177</fpage><lpage>182</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Маркелова О.И., Петров С.Ю., Охоцимская Т.Д., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Маркелова О.И., Петров С.Ю., Охоцимская Т.Д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Markelova O.I., Petrov S.Y., Okhotsimskaya T.D.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://roj.igb.ru/jour/article/view/1254">https://roj.igb.ru/jour/article/view/1254</self-uri><abstract><p>Борьба с пандемией коронавируса, а также изучение механизма развития симптомокомплекса, появляющегося после перенесенного COVID-19 (постковидный синдром), являются актуальной задачей современной медицины. По мере увеличения числа заболевших отмечается закономерный рост пациентов, страдающих постковидным синдромом. По последним оценкам, от 10 до 20 % пациентов с SARS-CoV-2, перенесших острую симптоматическую фазу, испытывают последствия заболевания в течение 12 нед после постановки диагноза. COVID-19 оказывает разнообразное долгосрочное воздействие практически на все системы организма, в том числе на орган зрения. Глазная поверхность может служить воротами для проникновения вируса в организм человека, в связи с чем у пациентов наблюдаются неспецифические изменения конъюнктивы, роговицы, сетчатки и сосудов глаза. Таким образом, вопросы диагностики и лечения не только самой инфекции COVID-19, но осложнений и состояний, возникших и продолжающихся после перенесенного заболевания, представляют значительный научно-практический интерес. Известно, что SARS-CoV-2 негативно влияет на состояние сосудистой стенки и способствует развитию гиперкоагуляционных состояний, что повышает риск тромбообразования и возможных осложнений со стороны сердечно-сосудистой системы. Данный обзор посвящен изучению кровотока в сосудах глаза у пациентов, перенесших COVID-19.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The challenge of the coronavirus pandemic, and the research into the mechanism of development of the symptom complex that appears in patients who had COVID-19 (post-COVID syndrome), is a topical issue of modern medicine. Obviously, as the incidence of COVID increases, the number of patients suffering from the post-COVID syndrome increases, too. According to recent estimates, 10 to 20 % of patients who have experienced an acute symptomatic phase of SARS-CoV-2 suffer from the effects of the disease over 12 weeks from the primary diagnosis. COVID-19 has been shown to have a variety of long-term effects on virtually all body systems, including the eye. The ocular surface can serve as a gateway for the virus to enter the body, so that patients experience nonspecific changes in the conjunctiva, cornea, retina, and eye vessels. Thus, the issues of diagnosis and treatment of the COVID-19 infection itself and, notably, its complications and conditions that have arisen and continue after the disease, are of essential research and clinical interest. SARS-CoV-2 has a negative impact on the state of the vascular wall and contributes to the development of hypercoagulable conditions, which increases the risk of thrombosis and possible complications in the cardiovascular system. The review summarizes the analyses of eye vessels blood flow in patients who have undergone COVID-19.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>пандемия</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>постковидный синдром</kwd><kwd>орган зрения</kwd><kwd>гемодинамические нарушения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>pandemic</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>post-COVID syndrome</kwd><kwd>eye</kwd><kwd>hemodynamic disorders</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang C, Horby PW, Hayden FG, et al. A novel coronavirus outbreak of global health concern. Lancet. 2020; 395 (10223): 470–3. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30185-9</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang C, Horby PW, Hayden FG, et al. A novel coronavirus outbreak of global health concern. Lancet. 2020; 395 (10223): 470–3. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30185-9</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard. Available at: https://covid19.who.int/ (accessed: 30.10.2021).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard. Available at: https://covid19.who.int/ (accessed: 30.10.2021).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Буланов А.Ю., Ройтман Е.В. Новая коронавирусная инфекция, система гемостаза и проблемы дозирования гепаринов: это важно сказать сейчас. Тромбоз, гемостаз и реология. 2020; 2: 11–8. doi: 10.2555/THR.2020.2.0913</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bulanov A.Yu., Roitman E.V. New coronavirus infection, hemostasis system and heparin dosing problems: it is important to say this now. Thrombosis, hemostasis and rheology. 2020; 2: 11–8 (In Russ.). doi: 10.2555/THR.2020.2.0913</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Guo YR, Cao QD, Hong ZS, et al. The origin, transmission and clinical therapies on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak — an update on the status. Mil. Med. Res. 2020; 7(1): 1. doi: 10.1186/s40779-020-00240-0</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guo YR, Cao QD, Hong ZS, et al. The origin, transmission and clinical therapies on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak — an update on the status. Mil. Med. Res. 2020; 7(1): 1. doi: 10.1186/s40779-020-00240-0</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ge XY, Li JL, Yang XL, et al. Isolation and characterization of a Bat SARS-like Coronavirus that uses the ACE2 receptor. Version 2. Naturе. 2013; 503 (7477): 535–8. doi: 10.1038/nature12711</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ge XY, Li JL, Yang XL, et al. Isolation and characterization of a Bat SARS-like Coronavirus that uses the ACE2 receptor. Version 2. Naturе. 2013; 503 (7477): 535–8. doi: 10.1038/nature12711</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee PI, Hsueh PR. Emerging threats from zoonotic coronaviruses-from SARS and MERS to 2019-nCoV. J. Microbiol. Immunol. Infect. 2020; 53 (3): 365–7. doi: 10.1016/j.jmii.2020.02.001</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lee PI, Hsueh PR. Emerging threats from zoonotic coronaviruses-from SARS and MERS to 2019-nCoV. J. Microbiol. Immunol. Infect. 2020; 53 (3): 365–7. doi: 10.1016/j.jmii.2020.02.001</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Корелина В.Е., Газизова И.Р., Куроедов А.В. и др. Причины прогрессирования глаукомы во время пандемии COVID-19. Клиническая офтальмология. 2021; 21 (3): 147–52. doi: 10.32364/2311-7729-2021-21-3-147-152</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Korelina V.E., Gazizova I.R., Kuroyedov A.V., et al. Glaucoma progression during the COVID-19 pandemics. Clinical ophthalmology. 2021; 21 (3): 147–52 (In Russ.). doi: 10.32364/2311-7729-2021-21-3-147-152</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Нероев В.В., Кричевская Г.И., Балацкая Н.В. COVID-19 и проблемы офтальмологии. Российский офтальмологический журнал. 2020; 13 (4): 99–104. doi: 10.21516/2072-0076-2020-13-4-99-104</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Neroev V.V., Krichevskaya G.I., Balatskaya N.V. COVID-19 and problems of ophthalmology. Russian ophthalmological journal. 2020; 13 (4): 99–104 (In Russ.). doi: 10.21516/2072-0076-2020-13-4-99-104</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Нероев В.В., Киселева Т.Н., Елисеева Е.К. Офтальмологические аспекты коронавирусной инфекции. Российский офтальмологический журнал. 2021; 14 (1): 7–14. doi: 10.21516/2072-0076-2021-14-1-7-14</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Neroev V.V., Kiseleva T.N., Eliseeva E.K. Ophthalmological aspects of coronavirus infections. Russian ophthalmological journal. 2021; 14 (1): 7–14 (In Russ.). doi: 10.21516/2072-0076-2021-14-1-7-14</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Курышева Н.И. COVID-19 и поражения органа зрения. Москва: Ларго; 2021.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kurysheva N.I. COVID-19 and lesions of the organ of vision. Moscow: Largo; 2021 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tu H, Tu S, Gao S, et al. Current epidemiological and clinical features of COVID-19; a global perspective from China. J Infect. 2020; 81 (1): 1–9. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.04.011</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tu H, Tu S, Gao S, et al. Current epidemiological and clinical features of COVID-19; a global perspective from China. J Infect. 2020; 81 (1): 1–9. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.04.011</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hamming I, Timens W, Bulthuis ML, et al. Tissue distribution of ACE2 protein, the functional receptor for SARS coronavirus. A first step in understanding SARS pathogenesis. J Pathol. 2004; 203 (2): 631–7. doi: 10.1002/path.1570</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hamming I, Timens W, Bulthuis ML, et al. Tissue distribution of ACE2 protein, the functional receptor for SARS coronavirus. A first step in understanding SARS pathogenesis. J Pathol. 2004; 203 (2): 631–7. doi: 10.1002/path.1570</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Senanayake P, Drazba J, Shadrach K, et al. Angiotensin II and its receptor subtypes in the human retina. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2007; 48 (7): 3301–11. doi: 10.1167/iovs.06-1024</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Senanayake P, Drazba J, Shadrach K, et al. Angiotensin II and its receptor subtypes in the human retina. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2007; 48 (7): 3301–11. doi: 10.1167/iovs.06-1024</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sen M, Honavar SG, Sharma N, et al. COVID-19 and Eye: A review of ophthalmic manifestations of COVID-19. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2021; 69 (3): 488–509. doi: 10.4103/ijo.IJO_297_21</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sen M, Honavar SG, Sharma N, et al. COVID-19 and Eye: A review of ophthalmic manifestations of COVID-19. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2021; 69 (3): 488–509. doi: 10.4103/ijo.IJO_297_21</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Профилактика, диагностика и лечение новой коронавирусной инфекции (COVID-19). Временные методические рекомендации. Версия 7; 03.06.2020.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Prevention, diagnosis and treatment of new coronavirus infection (COVID-19). The provisional guidelines. Version 7; 03.06.2020 (in Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sarzi-Puttini P, Giorgi V, Sirotti S, et al. COVID-19, cytokines and immunosuppression: what can we learn from severe acute respiratory syndrome. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2020; 38 (2): 337–42. doi: 10.55563/clinexprheumatol/xcdary</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sarzi-Puttini P, Giorgi V, Sirotti S, et al. COVID-19, cytokines and immunosuppression: what can we learn from severe acute respiratory syndrome. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2020; 38 (2): 337–42. doi: 10.55563/clinexprheumatol/xcdary</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Xu Z, Shi L, Wang Y, et al. Pathological findings of COVID-19 associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Lancet Respir Med. 2020; 8 (4): 420–2. doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30076-X</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Xu Z, Shi L, Wang Y, et al. Pathological findings of COVID-19 associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Lancet Respir Med. 2020; 8 (4): 420–2. doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30076-X</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wu Y, Wu X, Chen Z, et al. Nervous system involvement after infection with COVID-19 and other viruses. Brain Behav Immun. 2020; 87: 1822. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.03.031</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wu Y, Wu X, Chen Z, et al. Nervous system involvement after infection with COVID-19 and other viruses. Brain Behav Immun. 2020; 87: 1822. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.03.031</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rodriguez-Morales AJ, Cardona-Ospina JA, Gutuerrez-Ocampo E, et al. Clinical, laboratory and imaging features of COVID-19: a systemic review and meta-analysis. Travel Med Infect Dis. 2020: 101623. doi: 10.1016/jrtmaid.2020.101623</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rodriguez-Morales AJ, Cardona-Ospina JA, Gutuerrez-Ocampo E, et al. Clinical, laboratory and imaging features of COVID-19: a systemic review and meta-analysis. Travel Med Infect Dis. 2020: 101623. doi: 10.1016/jrtmaid.2020.101623</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Siordia JA. Epidemiology and clinical features of COVID-19: A review of current literature. J Clin Virol. 2020; 127: 104357. doi: 10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104357</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Siordia JA. Epidemiology and clinical features of COVID-19: A review of current literature. J Clin Virol. 2020; 127: 104357. doi: 10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104357</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kayaaslan B, Eser F, Kalem AK, et al. Post-COVID syndrome: A single-center questionnaire study on 1007 participants recovered from COVID-19. J Med Virol. 2021; 93 (12): 6566–74.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kayaaslan B, Eser F, Kalem AK, et al. Post-COVID syndrome: A single-center questionnaire study on 1007 participants recovered from COVID-19. J Med Virol. 2021; 93 (12): 6566–74.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">SEMG Encuesta COVID-19 Persistente. Presentación de Resultados. 11 de Noviembre de 2020. (accessed on 30 December 2020); Available at: https: //www.semg.es/images/2020/Noticias/20201111_Resultados_Encuesta_COVID_Persistente.pdf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">SEMG Encuesta COVID-19 Persistente. Presentación de Resultados. 11 de Noviembre de 2020. (accessed on 30 December 2020); Available at: https: //www.semg.es/images/2020/Noticias/20201111_Resultados_Encuesta_COVID_Persistente.pdf</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Davis HE, Assaf GS, McCorkell L, et al. Characterizing long COVID in an international cohort: 7 months of symptoms and their impact. EClinicalMedicine. 2021; 38: 101019. doi: 10.1101/2020.12.24.20248802</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Davis HE, Assaf GS, McCorkell L, et al. Characterizing long COVID in an international cohort: 7 months of symptoms and their impact. EClinicalMedicine. 2021; 38: 101019. doi: 10.1101/2020.12.24.20248802</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jimeno-Almazán A, Pallarés JG, Buendía-Romero Á, et al. Post-COVID-19 syndrome and the potential benefits of exercise. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021; 18 (10): 5329. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18105329</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jimeno-Almazán A, Pallarés JG, Buendía-Romero Á, et al. Post-COVID-19 syndrome and the potential benefits of exercise. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021; 18 (10): 5329. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18105329</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sivan M, Taylor S. NICE guideline on long COVID. BMJ. 2020; 371: m4938. doi: org/10.1136/bmj.m4938</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sivan M, Taylor S. NICE guideline on long COVID. BMJ. 2020; 371: m4938. doi: org/10.1136/bmj.m4938</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Carfì A, Bernabei R, Landi F, et al. Persistent symptoms in patients after acute COVID-19. JAMA. 2020; 324 (6): 603–5. doi:org/10.1001/jama.2020.12603</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Carfì A, Bernabei R, Landi F, et al. Persistent symptoms in patients after acute COVID-19. JAMA. 2020; 324 (6): 603–5. doi:org/10.1001/jama.2020.12603</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kamal M, Abo Omirah M, Hussein A, et al. Assessment and characterisation of post-COVID-19 manifestations. Int J Clin Pract. 2020; 75: e13746. doi:org/10.1111/ijcp.13746</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kamal M, Abo Omirah M, Hussein A, et al. Assessment and characterisation of post-COVID-19 manifestations. Int J Clin Pract. 2020; 75: e13746. doi:org/10.1111/ijcp.13746</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Беляков Н.А., Трофимова Т.Н., Рассохин В.В. и др. Постковидный синдром — полиморфизм нарушений при новой коронавирусной инфекции. ВИЧ-инфекция и иммуносупрессии. 2021; 13 (4): 7–20. doi:org/10.22328/2077-9828-2021-13-4-7-20</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Belyakov N.A., Trofimova T.N., Rassokhin V.V., et al. Postcovid syndrome — polymorphism of disorders in a new coronavirus infection. HIV Infection and Immunosuppressive Disorders. 2021; 13 (4): 7–20 (in Russ.). doi:org/10.22328/2077-9828-2021-13-4-7-20</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">World Health Organization. A clinical case definition of post COVID-19 condition by a Delphi consensus, 6 October 2021. Available at: https: //www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-2019-nCoV-Post_COVID-19_condition Clinical_case_definition-2021.1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">World Health Organization. A clinical case definition of post COVID-19 condition by a Delphi consensus, 6 October 2021. Available at: https: //www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-2019-nCoV-Post_COVID-19_condition Clinical_case_definition-2021.1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">NICE guideline [NG188]. COVID-19 rapid guideline: managing the long-term effects of COVID-19 [cited 2020 Dec 18]. Available at: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng188</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">NICE guideline [NG188]. COVID-19 rapid guideline: managing the long-term effects of COVID-19 [cited 2020 Dec 18]. Available at: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng188</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">UK Office for National Statistics. Prevalence of Ongoing Symptoms Following Coronavirus (COVID-19) Infection in the UK. 2021. ONS; London, UK: 2021. Available at: https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/healthandsocialcare/conditionsanddiseases/bulletins/prevalenceofongoingsymptomsfollowingcoronaviruscovid19infectionintheuk/7july2022.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">UK Office for National Statistics. Prevalence of Ongoing Symptoms Following Coronavirus (COVID-19) Infection in the UK. 2021. ONS; London, UK: 2021. Available at: https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/healthandsocialcare/conditionsanddiseases/bulletins/prevalenceofongoingsym ptomsfollowingcoronaviruscovid19infectionintheuk/7july2022.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fernández-de-Las-Peñas C, Palacios-Ceña D, Gómez-Mayordomo V, et al. Defining post-COVID symptoms (post-acute COVID, long COVID, persistent post-COVID): an integrative classification. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021; 18 (5): 2621. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18052621</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fernández-de-Las-Peñas C, Palacios-Ceña D, Gómez-Mayordomo V, et al. Defining post-COVID symptoms (post-acute COVID, long COVID, persistent post-COVID): an integrative classification. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021; 18 (5): 2621. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18052621</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Greenhalgh T, Knight M, A'Court C, et al. Management of post-acute COVID-19 in primary care. BMJ. 2020; 370: m3026. doi: 10.1136/bmj.m3026</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Greenhalgh T, Knight M, A'Court C, et al. Management of post-acute COVID-19 in primary care. BMJ. 2020; 370: m3026. doi: 10.1136/bmj.m3026</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Datta SD, Talwar A, Lee JT. A proposed framework and timeline of the spectrum of disease due to SARS-CoV-2 infection: illness beyond acute infection and public health implications. JAMA. 2020; 324 (22): 2251–2. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.22717</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Datta SD, Talwar A, Lee JT. A proposed framework and timeline of the spectrum of disease due to SARS-CoV-2 infection: illness beyond acute infection and public health implications. JAMA. 2020; 324 (22): 2251–2. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.22717</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Coroneo MT. The eye as the discrete but defensible portal of coronavirus infection. Ocul Surf. 2020; S1542-0124(20)30089-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jtos.2020.05.011</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Coroneo MT. The eye as the discrete but defensible portal of coronavirus infection. Ocul Surf. 2020; S1542-0124(20)30089-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jtos.2020.05.011</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Loon SC, Teoh SC, Oon LL, et al. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus in tears. BJO. 2004; 88 (7): 861–3. doi:10.1136/bjo.2003.035931</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Loon SC, Teoh SC, Oon LL, et al. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus in tears. BJO. 2004; 88 (7): 861–3. doi:10.1136/bjo.2003.035931</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Van der Hoek L, Pyrc K, Jebbink MF, et al. Identification of a new human coronavirus. Nat Med. 2004; 10: 368–73.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Van der Hoek L, Pyrc K, Jebbink MF, et al. Identification of a new human coronavirus. Nat Med. 2004; 10: 368–73.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chin MS, Hooper LC, Hooks JJ, et al. Identification of α-fodrin as an autoantigen in experimental coronavirus retinopathy (ECOR). J Neuroimmunol. 2014; 272: 42–50.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chin MS, Hooper LC, Hooks JJ, et al. Identification of α-fodrin as an autoantigen in experimental coronavirus retinopathy (ECOR). J Neuroimmunol. 2014; 272: 42–50.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shindler KS, Kenyon LC, Dutt M, et al. Experimental optic neuritis induced by a demyelinating strain of mouse hepatitis virus. J Virol. 2008; 82 (17): 8882–6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shindler KS, Kenyon LC, Dutt M, et al. Experimental optic neuritis induced by a demyelinating strain of mouse hepatitis virus. J Virol. 2008; 82 (17): 8882–6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Detrick B, Lee MT, Chin MS, et al. Experimental coronavirus retinopathy (ECOR): retinal degeneration susceptible mice have an augmented interferon and chemokine (CXCL9, CXCL10) response early after virus infection. J Neuroimmunol. 2008; 193: 28–37.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Detrick B, Lee MT, Chin MS, et al. Experimental coronavirus retinopathy (ECOR): retinal degeneration susceptible mice have an augmented interferon and chemokine (CXCL9, CXCL10) response early after virus infection. J Neuroimmunol. 2008; 193: 28–37.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vinores SA, Wang Y, Vinores MA, et al. Blood-retinal barrier breakdown in experimental coronavirus retinopathy: association with viral antigen, inflammation, and VEGF in sensitive and resistant strains. J Neuroimmunol. 2001; 119: 175–82.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vinores SA, Wang Y, Vinores MA, et al. Blood-retinal barrier breakdown in experimental coronavirus retinopathy: association with viral antigen, inflammation, and VEGF in sensitive and resistant strains. J Neuroimmunol. 2001; 119: 175–82.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hooks JJ, Percopo C, Wang Y, et al. Retina and retinal pigment epithelial cell autoantibodies are produced during murine coronavirus retinopathy. J Immunol. 1993; 151: 3381–9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hooks JJ, Percopo C, Wang Y, et al. Retina and retinal pigment epithelial cell autoantibodies are produced during murine coronavirus retinopathy. J Immunol. 1993; 151: 3381–9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aydemir E, Aydemir GA, Atesoglu HI, et al. The impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on retinal microcirculation in human subjects. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd. 2021; 238 (12): 1305–11. doi: 10.1055/a-1579-0805</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aydemir E, Aydemir GA, Atesoglu HI, et al. The impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on retinal microcirculation in human subjects. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd. 2021; 238 (12): 1305–11. doi: 10.1055/a-1579-0805</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li YP, Ma Y, Wang N, et al. Eyes on coronavirus. Stem Cell Res. 2021; 51: 102200. doi: 10.1016/j.scr.2021.102200</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li YP, Ma Y, Wang N, et al. Eyes on coronavirus. Stem Cell Res. 2021; 51: 102200. doi: 10.1016/j.scr.2021.102200</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Becker RC. COVID-19 update: COVID-19-associated coagulopathy. J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2020; 50 (1): 54–67. doi: 10.1007/s11239-020-02134-3</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Becker RC. COVID-19 update: COVID-19-associated coagulopathy. J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2020; 50 (1): 54–67. doi: 10.1007/s11239-020-02134-3</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Artifoni M, Danic G, Gautier G, et al. Systematic assessment of venous thromboembolism in COVID-19 patients receiving thromboprophylaxis: incidence and role of D-dimer as predictive factors. J Thrombosis Thrombolysis. 2020; (50): 211–6. doi: 10.1007/s11239-020-02146-z</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Artifoni M, Danic G, Gautier G, et al. Systematic assessment of venous thromboembolism in COVID-19 patients receiving thromboprophylaxis: incidence and role of D-dimer as predictive factors. J Thrombosis Thrombolysis. 2020; (50): 211–6. doi: 10.1007/s11239-020-02146-z</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tufek M, Capraz M, Kaya AT, et al. Retrobulbar ocular blood flow and choroidal vascular changes in patients recovering from COVID-19 infection. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2022; 39: 102976. doi: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.102976</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tufek M, Capraz M, Kaya AT, et al. Retrobulbar ocular blood flow and choroidal vascular changes in patients recovering from COVID-19 infection. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2022; 39: 102976. doi: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.102976</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Курышева Н.И., Евдокимова О.А., Никитина А.Д. Поражение органа зрения при COVID-19. Часть 2: осложнения со стороны заднего отрезка глаза, нейроофтальмологические проявления, вакцинация и факторы риска. Российский офтальмологический журнал. 2023; 16 (1): 157–67. https://doi.org/10.21516/2072-0076-2023-16-1-157-167</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kurysheva N.I., Evdokimova O.A., Nikitina A.D. Eye damage in COVID-19. Part 2: posterior segment complications, neuro-ophthalmic manifestations, vaccination and risk factors. Russian ophthalmological journal. 2023; 16 (1): 157–67 (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.21516/2072-0076-2023-16-1-157-167</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Marinho PM, Marcos AA, Romano AC, et al. Retinal findings in patients with COVID-19. Lancet. 2020; 395 (10237): 1610.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Marinho PM, Marcos AA, Romano AC, et al. Retinal findings in patients with COVID-19. Lancet. 2020; 395 (10237): 1610.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Invernizzi A, Torre A, Parrulli S, et al. Retinal findings in patients with COVID-19: Results from the SERPICO-19 study. EClinical Medicine. 2020; (20): 100550. doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100550</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Invernizzi A, Torre A, Parrulli S, et al. Retinal findings in patients with COVID-19: Results from the SERPICO-19 study. EClinical Medicine. 2020; (20): 100550. doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100550</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Montesel A, Bucolo C, Mouvet V, et al. Case Report: central retinal artery occlusion in a COVID-19 patient. Front Pharmacol. 2020; 11: 588384. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2020.588384</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Montesel A, Bucolo C, Mouvet V, et al. Case Report: central retinal artery occlusion in a COVID-19 patient. Front Pharmacol. 2020; 11: 588384. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2020.588384</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Turedi N, Onal Gunay B. Paracentral acute middle maculopathy in the setting of central retinal artery occlusion following COVID-19 diagnosis. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2022; 32 (3): NP62-NP66. doi: 10.1177/1120672121995347</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Turedi N, Onal Gunay B. Paracentral acute middle maculopathy in the setting of central retinal artery occlusion following COVID-19 diagnosis. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2022; 32 (3): NP62-NP66. doi: 10.1177/1120672121995347</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit53"><label>53</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Юсеф Ю.Н., Анджелова Д.В., Казарян Э.Э., и др. Офтальмогемодинамические нарушения после перенесенной коронавирусной инфекции, вызванной вирусом SARS-CoV-2. Вестник офтальмологии. 2022; 138 (3): 41–5. doi: org/10.17116/oftalma202213803141</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yusef Yu.N., Andzhelova D.V., Kazaryan E.E., et al. Changes in ocular hemodynamics in patients recovered from COVID-19. Vestnik oftal’mologii. 2022; 138 (3): 41–5 (In Russ.). doi: org/10.17116/oftalma202213803141</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit54"><label>54</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cennamo G, Reibaldi M, Montorio D, et al. Optical coherence tomography angiography features in post-COVID-19 pneumonia patients: A Pilot Study. Am J Ophthalmol. 2021; (227): 182–90. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2021.03.015</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cennamo G, Reibaldi M, Montorio D, et al. Optical coherence tomography angiography features in post-COVID-19 pneumonia patients: A Pilot Study. Am J Ophthalmol. 2021; (227): 182–90. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2021.03.015</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit55"><label>55</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">González-Zamora J, Bilbao-Malavé V, Gándara E, et al. Retinal microvascular impairment in COVID-19 bilateral pneumonia assessed by optical coherence tomography angiography. Biomedicines. 2021; 9 (3): 247. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines9030247</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">González-Zamora J, Bilbao-Malavé V, Gándara E, et al. Retinal microvascular impairment in COVID-19 bilateral pneumonia assessed by optical coherence tomography angiography. Biomedicines. 2021; 9 (3): 247. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines9030247</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit56"><label>56</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Тургель В.А., Тульцева С.Н. Исследование микрососудистого русла сетчатки и зрительного нерва методом оптической когерентной томографии — ангиографии у пациентов, перенесших COVID-19. Регионарное кровообращение и микроциркуляция. 2021; 20 (4): 21–32. doi: 10.24884/1682-6655-2021-20-4-21-32</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Turgel V.А., Tultseva S.N. Study of the retina and optic nerve microvascular bed using optical coherence tomography-angiography in post-COVID-19 patients. Regional blood circulation and microcirculation. 2021; 20 (4): 21–32 (In Russ.). doi: 10.24884/1682-6655-2021-20-4-21-32</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit57"><label>57</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Savastano A, Crincoli E, Savastano MC, et al. Peripapillary retinal vascular involvement in early postCOVID-19 patients. J Clin Med. 2020; 9: 2895. doi:10.3390/jcm9092895</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Savastano A, Crincoli E, Savastano MC, et al. Peripapillary retinal vascular involvement in early postCOVID-19 patients. J Clin Med. 2020; 9: 2895. doi:10.3390/jcm9092895</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit58"><label>58</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Oren B, Aksoy Aydemır G, Aydemır E, et al. Quantitative assessment of retinal changes inCOVID-19 patients. Clin Exp Optom. 2021 Aug; 104 (6): 717–22. doi: 10.1080/08164622.2021.1916389</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Oren B, Aksoy Aydemır G, Aydemır E, et al. Quantitative assessment of retinal changes inCOVID-19 patients. Clin Exp Optom. 2021 Aug; 104 (6): 717–22. doi: 10.1080/08164622.2021.1916389</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit59"><label>59</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abrishami M, Emamverdian Z, Shoeibi N, et al. Optical coherence tomography angiography analysis of the retina in patients recovered from COVID-19: a case-control study. Can J Ophthalmol. 2021; 56 (1): 24–30. doi: 10.1016/j.jcjo.2020.11.006</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abrishami M, Emamverdian Z, Shoeibi N, et al. Optical coherence tomography angiography analysis of the retina in patients recovered from COVID-19: a case-control study. Can J Ophthalmol. 2021; 56 (1): 24–30. doi: 10.1016/j.jcjo.2020.11.006</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit60"><label>60</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zapata MÁ, Banderas García S, Sánchez-Moltalvá A, et al. Retinal microvascular abnormalities in patients after COVID-19 depending on disease severity. BJO. 2020. doi: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2020-317953</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zapata MÁ, Banderas García S, Sánchez-Moltalvá A, et al. Retinal microvascular abnormalities in patients after COVID-19 depending on disease severity. BJO. 2020. doi: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2020-317953</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
