<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">helmholtzeyeinstitute</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский офтальмологический журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Ophthalmological Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-0076</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-5760</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Real time Publishers</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21516/2072-0076-2023-16-4-50-62</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">helmholtzeyeinstitute-1356</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Первые результаты длительного наблюдения детей в России после генной терапии наследственных дистрофий сетчатки, связанных с биаллельными мутациями в гене RPE65</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>First results of long-term follow-up of children in Russia after gene therapy for hereditary retinal dystrophies associated with biallelic mutations in the RPE65 gene</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8480-0894</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нероев</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Neroev</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Владимир Владимирович Нероев — академик РАН, д-р мед. наук, профессор, директор; заведующий кафедрой глазных болезней</p><p>ул. Садовая-Черногрязская, д. 14/19, Москва, 105062, Россия</p><p>ул. Делегатская, д. 20, стр. 1, Москва, 127473, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir V. Neroev — Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Dr. of Med. Sci., professor, director; head of chair of ophthalmology</p><p>14/19, Sadovaya-Chernogryazskaya St., Moscow, 105062, Russia</p><p>20/1, Delegatskaya St., Moscow, 127473, Russia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4857-0374</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Катаргина</surname><given-names>Л. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Katargina</surname><given-names>L. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Людмила Анатольевна Катаргина — д-р мед. наук, профессор, заместитель директора по научной работе, начальник отдела патологииглаз у детей</p><p>ул. Садовая-Черногрязская, д. 14/19, Москва, 105062, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lyudmila A. Katargina — Dr. of Med. Sci., professor, head of the department of children’s eye pathology, deputy director</p><p>14/19, Sadovaya-Chernogryazskaya St., Moscow, 105062, Russia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6281-6940</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Харлампиди</surname><given-names>М. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kharlampidi</surname><given-names>M. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Марина Панайотовна Харлампиди — канд. мед. наук, главный врач</p><p>ул. Садовая-Черногрязская, д. 14/19, Москва, 105062, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marina P. Kharlampidi — Cand.of Med.Sci., chief doctor</p><p>14/19, Sadovaya-Chernogryazskaya St., Moscow, 105062, Russia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коголева</surname><given-names>Л. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kogoleva</surname><given-names>L. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Людмила Викторовна Коголева — д-р мед. наук, заведующая детским консультативно-поликлиническим отделением</p><p>ул. Садовая-Черногрязская, д. 14/19, Москва, 105062, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lyudmila V. Kogoleva — Dr. of Med. Sci., head of the department of children’s eye pathology</p><p>14/19, Sadovaya-Chernogryazskaya St., Moscow, 105062, Russia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7264-396X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зольникова</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zolnikova</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Инна Владимировна Зольникова — д-р мед. наук, старший научный сотрудник отдела клинической физиологии зрения им. С.В. Кравкова; профессор кафедры офтальмогенетики</p><p>ул. Садовая-Черногрязская, д. 14/19, Москва, 105062, Россия</p><p>ул. Москворечье, д. 1, Москва, 115522, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Inna V. Zolnikova — Dr. of Med. Sci., senior researcher of department of the clinical physiology of vision1, professor of chair of ophthalmogenetics</p><p>14/19, Sadovaya-Chernogryazskaya St., Moscow, 105062, Russia</p><p>1, Moskvorechye St., Moscow, 115522, Russia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9552-6782</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Илюхин</surname><given-names>П. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ilyukhin</surname><given-names>P. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Павел Андреевич Илюхин — канд. мед. наук, врач-офтальмолог, научный сотрудник отдела патологии сетчатки и зрительного нерва</p><p>ул. Садовая-Черногрязская, д. 14/19, Москва, 105062, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pavel A. Ilyukhin — Cand. of Med. Sci., ophthalmologist, researcher, department of pathology of the retina and optic nerve</p><p>14/19, Sadovaya-Chernogryazskaya St., Moscow, 105062, Russia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3735-6249</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Денисова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Denisova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Екатерина Валерьевна Денисова — канд. мед. наук, старший научный сотрудник отдела патологии глаз у детей</p><p>ул. Садовая-Черногрязская, д. 14/19, Москва, 105062, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina V. Denisova — senior research associates the department of children’s eye pathology</p><p>14/19, Sadovaya-Chernogryazskaya St., Moscow, 105062, Russia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3553-9896</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Милаш</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Milash</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сергей Викторович Милаш — канд. мед. наук, старший научный сотрудник отдела патологии рефракции бинокулярного зрения иофтальмоэргономики</p><p>ул. Садовая-Черногрязская, д. 14/19, Москва, 105062, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey V. Milash — Cand. of Med. Sci., senior researcher, department of refraction pathology, binocular vision and ophthalmoergonomics</p><p>14/19, Sadovaya-Chernogryazskaya St., Moscow, 105062, Russia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Осипова</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Osipova</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Наталья Анатольевна Осипова — канд. мед. наук, научный сотрудник отдела патологии глаз у детей</p><p>ул. Садовая-Черногрязская, д. 14/19, Москва, 105062, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia A. Osipova — Cand. of Med. Sci., researcher, department of children’s eye pathology</p><p>14/19, Sadovaya-Chernogryazskaya St., Moscow, 105062, Russia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3133-8018</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куцев</surname><given-names>С. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kutsev</surname><given-names>S. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сергей Иванович Куцев — член-корр. РАН, д-р мед. наук, профессор, директор</p><p>ул. Москворечье, д. 1, Москва, 115522, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey I. Kutsev — Corresponding member of RAS, Dr. of Med. Sci., professor, director</p><p>1, Moskvorechye St., Moscow, 115522, Russia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0105-1833</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Поляков</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Polyakov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Владимирович Поляков — член-корр. РАН, д-р мед. наук, профессор, заведующий лабораторией ДНК-диагностики</p><p>ул. Москворечье, д. 1, Москва, 115522, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander V. Polyakov — Corresponding member of RAS, Dr. of Med. Sci., professor, the head of the of DNA diagnostics laboratory</p><p>1, Moskvorechye St., Moscow, 115522, Russia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3586-3458</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зинченко</surname><given-names>Р. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zinchenko</surname><given-names>R. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рена Абульфазовна Зинченко — член-корр. РАН, д-р мед наук, профессор, руководитель лаборатории генетической эпидемиологии, заместитель директора по научно-клинической работе3</p><p>ул. Москворечье, д. 1, Москва, 115522, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Rena A. Zinchenko — Corresponding member of RAS, Dr of Med. Sci., professor, head of the laboratory of genetic epidemiology, deputy director</p><p>1, Moskvorechye St., Moscow, 115522, Russia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7765-3307</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кадышев</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kadyshev</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Виталий Викторович Кадышев — канд. мед. наук, руководитель научно-клинического центра генетики глазных болезней, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории генетической эпидемиологии, заведующий кафедрой офтальмогенетики3</p><p>ул. Москворечье, д. 1, Москва, 115522, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vitaly V. Kadyshev — Cand. of Med. Sci., leading researcher of genetic epidemiology laboratory, head of the ophthalmogenetics chair</p><p>1, Moskvorechye St., Moscow, 115522, Russia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9855-2345</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бобровская</surname><given-names>Ю. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bobrovskaya</surname><given-names>Yu. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юлия Андрееевна Бобровская — врач-офтальмолог детского консультативно-поликлинического отделения</p><p>ул. Садовая-Черногрязская, д. 14/19, Москва, 105062, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yulia A. Bobrovskaya — ophthalmologist department of children’s eye pathology</p><p>14/19, Sadovaya-Chernogryazskaya St., Moscow, 105062, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bobrula1980@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «НМИЦ глазных болезней им. Гельмгольца» Минздрава России; ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет им. А.И. Евдокимова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases; Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «НМИЦ глазных болезней им. Гельмгольца» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «НМИЦ глазных болезней им. Гельмгольца» Минздрава России; ФГБНУ «Медико-генетический научный центр им. акад. Н.П. Бочкова»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases; N.P. Bochkov Research Centre for Medical Genetics</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Медико-генетический научный центр им. акад. Н.П. Бочкова»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.P. Bochkov Research Centre for Medical Genetics</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>50</fpage><lpage>62</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Нероев В.В., Катаргина Л.А., Харлампиди М.П., Коголева Л.В., Зольникова И.В., Илюхин П.А., Денисова Е.В., Милаш С.В., Осипова Н.А., Куцев С.И., Поляков А.В., Зинченко Р.А., Кадышев В.В., Бобровская Ю.А., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Нероев В.В., Катаргина Л.А., Харлампиди М.П., Коголева Л.В., Зольникова И.В., Илюхин П.А., Денисова Е.В., Милаш С.В., Осипова Н.А., Куцев С.И., Поляков А.В., Зинченко Р.А., Кадышев В.В., Бобровская Ю.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Neroev V.V., Katargina L.A., Kharlampidi M.P., Kogoleva L.V., Zolnikova I.V., Ilyukhin P.A., Denisova E.V., Milash S.V., Osipova N.A., Kutsev S.I., Polyakov A.V., Zinchenko R.A., Kadyshev V.V., Bobrovskaya Y.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://roj.igb.ru/jour/article/view/1356">https://roj.igb.ru/jour/article/view/1356</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель работы — оценить результаты генной терапии препаратом на основе рекомбинантного аденоассоциированного вирусного вектора воретиген непарвовек (ВН) у детей при сроке наблюдения 1, 3, 6 и 12 мес.</p><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. В исследование включено 6 детей (12 глаз) в возрасте от 5 до 15 лет c подтвержденной биаллельной мутацией в гене RPE65, получавших лечение ВН (Luxturna, США). Эффективность лечения оценивалась с помощью специальных вопросов по ориентации в пространстве при различных типах освещенности, периметрии по Гольдману, микропериметрии, остроты зрения с максимальной коррекцией (МКОЗ), электроретинограммы (ЭРГ) и зрительных вызванных потенциалов (ЗВП). Для оценки структуры сетчатки использовалась центральная толщина сетчатки (ЦТС) по данным оптической когерентной томографии.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. У всех детей отмечались субъективные изменения зрительного восприятия в виде улучшения ориентации в темноте и сумерках; контрастности и зрительной фиксации у одного ребенка с изначально низкой остротой зрения. У 4 из 6 пациентов (8 глаз) за период наблюдения отмечено расширение полей зрения, причем у 2 пациентов — значительное, у 2 пациентов (4 глаза) поля зрения до лечения не были сужены и после лечения оставались таковыми на протяжении всего периода наблюдения. Средняя световая чувствительность сетчатки и показатели фиксации у 3 пациентов значительно улучшились по данным микропериметрии. МКОЗ у всех исследуемых оставалась стабильной или незначительно менялась на протяжении всего исследования. Из 8 глаз с не регистрируемой до лечения ЭРГ в 6 глазах после введения ВН ЭРГ частично восстанавливалась в разные сроки от 1 до 12 мес. У всех пациентов наблюдалось также увеличение амплитуды компонента P1 ЗВП на паттерн и P2 ЗВП на вспышку, что свидетельствует о повышении активности в проекции зрительной коры на фоне восстановления зрительного цикла. Достоверных изменений ЦТС не выявлено (p = 0,9). Осложнения и нежелательные явления отмечены в 9 (75 %) глазах: хориоретинальная дистрофия в месте введения препарата у 3 пациентов (5 глаз), многофокусная нуммулярная хориоретинальная дистрофия у 2 пациентов (4 глаза), локальный эписклерит — в одном глазу, транзиторное повышение внутриглазного давления у 2 пациентов (3 глаза), локальное помутнение хрусталика у одного пациента (один глаз).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Результаты годового наблюдения российских пациентов с RPE65-связанной наследственной патологией сетчатки после лечения ВН демонстрируют стабилизацию и улучшение зрительных функций, что особенно важно для заведомо обреченных пациентов с прогрессирующим характером заболевания.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Purpose</title><p>Purpose: to evaluate the results of gene therapy by the recombinant adeno-associated viral vector voretigene neparvovec (VN) in children with follow-up periods of 1, 3, 6, and 12 months.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. The study included 6 children (12 eyes) aged 5 to 15 with a confirmed biallelic mutation in the RPE65 gene, treated with VN (Luxturna, USA). Treatment efficacy was assessed by surveying which included questions on spatial orientation under various types of illumination, Goldman perimetry, microperimetry, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), electroretinogram (ERG), and visual evoked potentials (VEP). To assess the structure of the retina, the central retinal thickness (CRT) was evaluated by optical coherence tomography.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. All children showed subjective changes in visual perception, including improved orientation in the dark and twilight, and improved contrast. In one case, the child with initially low visual acuity showed improved visual fixation. In 4 patients out of 6 (8 eyes), an expansion of the visual fields was noted, including 2 cases who displayed significant expansion thereof. In 2 patients (4 eyes), the visual fields were not narrowed and remained so throughout the entire observation period. Mean light sensitivity of the retina in 3 patients and fixation indices in 1 patient improved significantly as shown by microperimetry. BCVA remained stable throughout the study or changed insignificantly. Initially, ERG could not be detected in 8 eyes, but after an VN injection, 6 eyes demonstrated a partial recovery at different times — from 1 to 12 months. An increase in the amplitude of the P1 component to pattern VEP and P2 component to flash VEP was observed in all patients, which indicates an enhanced activity in the projection of the visual cortex after the restoration of the visual cycle. No significant changes were revealed in CRT (p = 0.9). Complications and adverse events were noted in 9 eyes (75 %): chorioretinal dystrophy at the injection site in 3 patients (5 eyes), multifocal nummular dystrophy in 2 patients (4 eyes), local episcleritis in 1 eye, transient increase in intraocular pressure in 2 patients (3 eyes).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The results of a one-year post VN treatment follow-up of Russian patients with RPE65-associated inherited retinal disease demonstrate stabilization and improvement of visual functions, which is especially important for otherwise incurable patients with a progressive course of the disease.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>наследственная дистрофия сетчатки</kwd><kwd>генная терапия</kwd><kwd>RPE65</kwd><kwd>воретиген непарвовек</kwd><kwd>Лукстурна</kwd><kwd>врожденный амавроз Лебера</kwd><kwd>пигментный ретинит</kwd><kwd>генетика</kwd><kwd>офтальмология</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>inherited retinal dystrophies</kwd><kwd>gene therapy</kwd><kwd>RPE65</kwd><kwd>Voretigen neparvovec</kwd><kwd>Luxturna</kwd><kwd>Leber congenital amaurosis</kwd><kwd>retinitis pigmentosa</kwd><kwd>genetics</kwd><kwd>ophthalmology</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hamel CP, Tsilou E, Pfeffer BA, et al. Molecular cloning and expression of RPE65, a novel retinal pigment epithelium-specific microsomal protein that is post-transcriptionally regulated in vitro. J Biol Chem. 1993 Jul 25; 268 (21): 15751–7. PMID: 8340400</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hamel CP, Tsilou E, Pfeffer BA, et al. Molecular cloning and expression of RPE65, a novel retinal pigment epithelium-specific microsomal protein that is post-transcriptionally regulated in vitro. J Biol Chem. 1993 Jul 25; 268 (21): 15751–7. PMID: 8340400</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kiser PD. Retinal pigment epithelium 65 kDa protein (RPE65): an update. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2022; 88: 101013. doi: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2021.101013</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kiser PD. Retinal pigment epithelium 65 kDa protein (RPE65): an update. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2022; 88: 101013. doi: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2021.101013</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Moiseyev G, Chen Y, Takahashi Y, Wu BX, Ma JX. RPE65 is the isomerohydrolase in the retinoid visual cycle. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2005; 102 (35): 12413–8. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0503460102</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moiseyev G, Chen Y, Takahashi Y, Wu BX, Ma JX. RPE65 is the isomerohydrolase in the retinoid visual cycle. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2005; 102 (35): 12413–8. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0503460102</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">OMIM. Database: 180069. Retinoid Isomerohydrolase RPE65. https://www.omim.org/entry/180069?search=RPE65&amp;highlight=rpe65(2023). Accessed 10 July 2023.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">OMIM. Database: 180069. Retinoid Isomerohydrolase RPE65. https://www.omim.org/entry/180069?search = RPE65&amp;highlight = rpe65 (2023). Accessed 10 July 2023.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chung DC, Bertelsen M, Lorenz B, et al. The Natural History of Inherited Retinal Dystrophy Due to Biallelic Mutations in the RPE65 gene. Am J Ophthalmol. 2019; 199: 58–70. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2018.09.024</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chung DC, Bertelsen M, Lorenz B, et al. The Natural History of Inherited Retinal Dystrophy Due to Biallelic Mutations in the RPE65 gene. Am J Ophthalmol. 2019; 199: 58–70. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2018.09.024</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sallum JM, Kaur VP, Shaikh J, et al. Epidemiology of mutations in the 65- kDa retinal pigment epithelium (RPE65) gene-mediated inherited retinal dystrophies: a systematic literature review. Adv Ther. 2022; 39 (3): 1179–98. doi: 10.1007/s12325-021-02036-7</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sallum JM, Kaur VP, Shaikh J, et al. Epidemiology of mutations in the 65- kDa retinal pigment epithelium (RPE65) gene-mediated inherited retinal dystrophies: a systematic literature review. Adv Ther. 2022; 39 (3): 1179–98. doi: 10.1007/s12325-021-02036-7</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bowne SJ, Humphries MM, Sullivan LS, et al. A dominant mutation in RPE65 identified by whole-exome sequencing causes retinitis pigmentosa with choroidal involvement. Eur J Hum Genet. 2011; 19: 1074–81. doi: 10.1038/ejhg.2011.86</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bowne SJ, Humphries MM, Sullivan LS, et al. A dominant mutation in RPE65 identified by whole-exome sequencing causes retinitis pigmentosa with choroidal involvement. Eur J Hum Genet. 2011; 19: 1074–81. doi: 10.1038/ejhg.2011.86</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Нероев В.В., Катаргина Л.А., Кадышев В.В., Зольникова И.В., Куцев С.И. Перспективы диагностики и генной терапии наследственных дистрофий сетчатки, вызванных биаллельными мутациями в гене RPE65. Российский офтальмологический журнал. 2021; 14 (3): 78–82.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Neroev V.V., Katargina L.A., Kadyshev V.V., Zolnikova I.V., Kutsev S.I. Prospects for the diagnosis and gene therapy of inherited retinal dystrophies caused by biallelic mutations in the RPE65 gene. Russian ophthalmological journal. 2021; 14 (3): 78–82 (In Russ.). doi: 10.21516/2072-0076-2021-14-3-78-82</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maguire AM, Simonelli F, Pierce EA, et al. Safety and efficacy of gene transfer for Leber's congenital amaurosis. N Engl J Med. 2008; 358: 2240–8. doi: 10.1056/nejmoa0802315</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maguire AM, Simonelli F, Pierce EA, et al. Safety and efficacy of gene transfer for Leber's congenital amaurosis. N Engl J Med. 2008; 358: 2240–8. doi: 10.1056/nejmoa0802315</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maguire AM, High KA, Auricchio A, et al. Age-dependent effects of RPE65 gene therapy for Leber's congenital amaurosis: a phase 1 dose-escalation trial. Lancet. 2009; 374 (9701): 1597–605. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(09)61836-5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maguire AM, High KA, Auricchio A, et al. Age-dependent effects of RPE65 gene therapy for Leber's congenital amaurosis: a phase 1 dose-escalation trial. Lancet. 2009; 374 (9701): 1597–605. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(09)61836-5</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Simonelli F, Maguire AM, Testa F, et al. Gene therapy for Leber's congenital amaurosis is safe and effective through 1.5 years after vector administration. Mol Ther. 2010; 18 (3): 643–50. doi: 10.1038/mt.2009.277</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Simonelli F, Maguire AM, Testa F, et al. Gene therapy for Leber's congenital amaurosis is safe and effective through 1.5 years after vector administration. Mol Ther. 2010; 18 (3): 643–50. doi: 10.1038/mt.2009.277</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Russell S, Bennett J, Wellman JA, et al. Efficacy and safety of voretigene neparvovec (AAV2-hRPE65v2) in patients with RPE65-mediated inherited retinal dystrophy: a randomised, controlled, open-label, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2017; 390: 849–60. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(17)31868-8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Russell S, Bennett J, Wellman JA, et al. Efficacy and safety of voretigene neparvovec (AAV2-hRPE65v2) in patients with RPE65-mediated inherited retinal dystrophy: a randomised, controlled, open-label, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2017; 390: 849–60. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(17)31868-8</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maguire AM, Russell S, Wellman JA, et al. Efficacy, safety, and durability of Voretigene Neparvovec-rzyl in RPE65 mutation-associated inherited retinal dystrophy: Results of phase 1 and 3 trials. Ophthalmology. 2019 Sep; 126 (9): 1273–85. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2019.06.017</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maguire AM, Russell S, Wellman JA, et al. Efficacy, safety, and durability of Voretigene Neparvovec-rzyl in RPE65 mutation-associated inherited retinal dystrophy: Results of phase 1 and 3 trials. Ophthalmology. 2019 Sep; 126 (9): 1273–85. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2019.06.017</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maguire AM, Russell S, Chung DC, et al. Durability of Voretigene Neparvovec for biallelic RPE65-mediated inherited retinal disease: Phase 3 results at 3 and 4 years. Ophthalmology. 2021; 128 (10): 1460–8. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2021.03.031</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maguire AM, Russell S, Chung DC, et al. Durability of Voretigene Neparvovec for biallelic RPE65-mediated inherited retinal disease: Phase 3 results at 3 and 4 years. Ophthalmology. 2021; 128 (10): 1460–8. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2021.03.031</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Deng C, Zhao PY, Branham K, et al. Real-world outcomes of voretigene neparvovec treatment in pediatric patients with RPE65-associated Leber congenital amaurosis. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2022; 260 (5): 1543–50. doi: 10.1007/s00417-021-05508-2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Deng C, Zhao PY, Branham K, et al. Real-world outcomes of voretigene neparvovec treatment in pediatric patients with RPE65-associated Leber congenital amaurosis. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2022; 260 (5): 1543–50. doi: 10.1007/s00417-021-05508-2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Amato A, Arrigo A, Aragona E, et al. Gene therapy in inherited retinal diseases: An update on current state of the art. Front Med (Lausanne). 2021; 8: 750586. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2021.750586</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Amato A, Arrigo A, Aragona E, et al. Gene therapy in inherited retinal diseases: An update on current state of the art. Front Med (Lausanne). 2021; 8: 750586. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2021.750586</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dejneka NS, Surace EM, Aleman TS, et al. In utero gene therapy rescues vision in a murine model of congenital blindness. Mol Ther. 2004; 9: 182–88. doi: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2003.11.013</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dejneka NS, Surace EM, Aleman TS, et al. In utero gene therapy rescues vision in a murine model of congenital blindness. Mol Ther. 2004; 9: 182–88. doi: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2003.11.013</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Acland GM, Aguirre GD, Bennett J, et al. Long-term restoration of rod and cone vision by single dose rAAV-mediated gene transfer to the retina in a canine model of childhood blindness. Mol Ther. 2005; 12: 1072–82. doi: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2005.08.008</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Acland GM, Aguirre GD, Bennett J, et al. Long-term restoration of rod and cone vision by single dose rAAV-mediated gene transfer to the retina in a canine model of childhood blindness. Mol Ther. 2005; 12: 1072–82. doi: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2005.08.008</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bennicelli J, Wright JF, Komaromy A, et al. Reversal of blindness in animal models of Leber congenital amaurosis using optimized AAV2-mediated gene transfer. Mol Ther. 2008; 16: 458–65. doi: 10.1038/sj.mt.6300389</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bennicelli J, Wright JF, Komaromy A, et al. Reversal of blindness in animal models of Leber congenital amaurosis using optimized AAV2-mediated gene transfer. Mol Ther. 2008; 16: 458–65. doi: 10.1038/sj.mt.6300389</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Testa F, Melillo P, Della Corte M, et al. Voretigene Neparvovec gene therapy in clinical practice: Treatment of the first two italian pediatric patients. Transl Vis Sci Technol. 2021; 10 (10): 11. doi: 10.1167/tvst.10.10.11</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Testa F, Melillo P, Della Corte M, et al. Voretigene Neparvovec gene therapy in clinical practice: Treatment of the first two italian pediatric patients. Transl Vis Sci Technol. 2021; 10 (10): 11. doi: 10.1167/tvst.10.10.11</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Testa F, Melillo P, Di Iorio V, et al. Visual function and retinal changes after voretigene neparvovec treatment in children with biallelic RPE65-related inherited retinal dystrophy. Sci Rep. 2022; 12 (1): 17637. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-22180-6</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Testa F, Melillo P, Di Iorio V, et al. Visual function and retinal changes after voretigene neparvovec treatment in children with biallelic RPE65-related inherited retinal dystrophy. Sci Rep. 2022; 12 (1): 17637. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-22180-6</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ferraz Sallum JM, Godoy J, Kondo A, et al. The first gene therapy for RPE65 biallelic dystrophy with voretigene Neparvovec-Rzyl in Brazil. Ophthalmic Genet. 2022; 43 (4): 550–4. doi: 10.1080/13816810.2022.2053995</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ferraz Sallum JM, Godoy J, Kondo A, et al. The first gene therapy for RPE65 biallelic dystrophy with voretigene Neparvovec-Rzyl in Brazil. Ophthalmic Genet. 2022; 43 (4): 550–4. doi: 10.1080/13816810.2022.2053995</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gerhardt MJ, Priglinger CS, Rudolph G, et al. Gene therapy with Voretigene Neparvovec improves vision and partially restores electrophysiological function in pre-school children with Leber congenital amaurosis. Biomedicines. 2022; 11 (1): 103. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines11010103</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gerhardt MJ, Priglinger CS, Rudolph G, et al. Gene therapy with Voretigene Neparvovec improves vision and partially restores electrophysiological function in pre-school children with Leber congenital amaurosis. Biomedicines. 2022; 11 (1): 103. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines11010103</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stingl K, Kempf M, Bartz-Schmidt KU, et al. Spatial and temporal resolution of the photoreceptors rescue dynamics after treatment with voretigene neparvovec. Br J Ophthalmol. 2022; 106 (6): 831–8. doi: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2020-318286</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stingl K, Kempf M, Bartz-Schmidt KU, et al. Spatial and temporal resolution of the photoreceptors rescue dynamics after treatment with voretigene neparvovec. Br J Ophthalmol. 2022; 106 (6): 831–8. doi: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2020-318286</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Leroy BP, Fischer MD, Flannery JG, et al. Gene therapy for inherited retinal disease: long-term durability of effect. Ophthalmic Res. 2022. doi: 10.1159/000526317</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Leroy BP, Fischer MD, Flannery JG, et al. Gene therapy for inherited retinal disease: long-term durability of effect. Ophthalmic Res. 2022. doi: 10.1159/000526317</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кадышев В.В., Халанская О.В., Степанова А.А., Куцев С.И., Зольникова И.В. Наследственная дистрофия сетчатки: первые результаты после RPE65-генозаместительной терапии в России. Вестник офтальмологии. 2022; 138 (4): 48–57.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kadyshev V.V., Khalanskaya O.V., Stepanova A.A., Kutsev S.I., Zolnikova I.V. Inherited retinal dystrophy: first results of RPE65 gene replacement therapy in Russia. Vestnik oftalmologii. 2022; 138 (4): 48–57 (In Russ.). doi: 10.17116/oftalma202213804148</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stingl K, Kempf M, Jung R, et al. Therapy with voretigene neparvovec. How to measure success? Prog Retin Eye Res. 2023; 92: 101115. doi: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2022.101115</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stingl K, Kempf M, Jung R, et al. Therapy with voretigene neparvovec. How to measure success? Prog Retin Eye Res. 2023; 92: 101115. doi: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2022.101115</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sengillo JD, Gregori NZ, Sisk RA, et al. Visual acuity, retinal morphology, and patients' perceptions after Voretigene Neparovec-rzyl therapy for RPE65-associated retinal disease. Ophthalmol Retina. 2022; 6 (4): 273–83. doi: 10.1016/j.oret.2021.11.005</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sengillo JD, Gregori NZ, Sisk RA, et al. Visual acuity, retinal morphology, and patients' perceptions after Voretigene Neparovec-rzyl therapy for RPE65-associated retinal disease. Ophthalmol Retina. 2022; 6 (4): 273–83. doi: 10.1016/j.oret.2021.11.005</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ashtari M, Lipin M, Duong M, et al. Neuroplasticity of the lateral geniculate nucleus in response to retinal gene therapy in a group of patients with RPE65 Mutations. Eye Brain. 2022; 14: 137–47. doi: 10.2147/eb.s377275</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ashtari M, Lipin M, Duong M, et al. Neuroplasticity of the lateral geniculate nucleus in response to retinal gene therapy in a group of patients with RPE65 Mutations. Eye Brain. 2022; 14: 137–47. doi: 10.2147/eb.s377275</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lorenz B, Wabbels B, Wegscheider E, et al. Lack of fundus autofluorescence to 488 nanometers from childhood on in patients with early-onset severe retinal dystrophy associated with mutations in RPE65. Ophthalmology. 2004 Aug; 111 (8): 1585–94. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2004.01.033</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lorenz B, Wabbels B, Wegscheider E, et al. Lack of fundus autofluorescence to 488 nanometers from childhood on in patients with early-onset severe retinal dystrophy associated with mutations in RPE65. Ophthalmology. 2004 Aug; 111 (8): 1585–94. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2004.01.033</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bommakanti N, Young BK, Sisk RA, et al. Classification and growth rate of chorioretinal atrophy after voretigene neparvovec-rzyl for RPE65-mediated retinal degeneration. Ophthalmol Retina. 2023 Sep 1: S24686530(23)00436-0. doi: 10.1016/j.oret.2023.08.017</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bommakanti N, Young BK, Sisk RA, et al. Classification and growth rate of chorioretinal atrophy after voretigene neparvovec-rzyl for RPE65-mediated retinal degeneration. Ophthalmol Retina. 2023 Sep 1: S24686530(23)00436-0. doi: 10.1016/j.oret.2023.08.017</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gange WS, Sisk RA, Besirli CG, et al. Perifoveal chorioretinal atrophy after subretinal Voretigene Neparvovec-rzyl for RPE65-mediated Leber congenital amaurosis. Ophthalmol Retina. 2022; 6 (1): 58–64. doi: 10.1016/j.oret.2021.03.016</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gange WS, Sisk RA, Besirli CG, et al. Perifoveal chorioretinal atrophy after subretinal Voretigene Neparvovec-rzyl for RPE65-mediated Leber congenital amaurosis. Ophthalmol Retina. 2022; 6 (1): 58–64. doi: 10.1016/j.oret.2021.03.016</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stingl K, Stingl K, Schwartz H, et al. Full-field scotopic threshold improvement after Voretigene Neparvovec-rzyl treatment correlates with chorioretinal atrophy. Ophthalmology. 2023: S01616420(23)001264. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2023.02.015</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stingl K, Stingl K, Schwartz H, et al. Full-field scotopic threshold improvement after Voretigene Neparvovec-rzyl treatment correlates with chorioretinal atrophy. Ophthalmology. 2023: S01616420(23)001264. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2023.02.015</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
