helmholtzeyeinstituteРоссийский офтальмологический журналRussian Ophthalmological Journal2072-00762587-5760Real time Publishers10.21516/2072-0076-2023-16-4-165-169helmholtzeyeinstitute-1372Research ArticleОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫREVIEWSО структуре глазных заболеваний, приводящих к слепоте и слабовидению у детей в различных странах мираOn the structure of eye diseases in children leading to blindness or low vision in various countries of the worldhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0221-702XХамраеваЛ. С.KhamraevaL. S.

Лола Салимовна Хамраева — канд. мед. наук, доцент кафедры офтальмологии, детской офтальмологии

ул. Богишамол, д. 223, Ташкент, 100140, Узбекистан

Lola S. Khamraeva — Cand. of Med. Sci., associate professor of chair of ophthalmology, pediatric ophthalmology

100140, 223, Bogishamol St., Tashkent, Uzbekistan

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6485-5751НарзуллаеваД. У.NarzullaevaD. U.

Дилдора Уктамовна Нарзуллаева — канд. мед. наук, ассистент кафедры офтальмологии, детской офтальмологии

ул. Богишамол, д. 223, Ташкент, 100140, Узбекистан

Dildora U. Narzullaeva — Cand. of Med. Sci., chair of ophthalmology, pediatric ophthalmology

100140, 223, Bogishamol St., Tashkent, Uzbekistan

diladora@mail.ruТашкентский педиатрический медицинский институтРоссияTashkent Pediatric Medical InstituteRussian Federation202329122023164165169Copyright © Хамраева Л.С., Нарзуллаева Д.У., 20232023Хамраева Л.С., Нарзуллаева Д.У.Khamraeva L.S., Narzullaeva D.U.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://roj.igb.ru/jour/article/view/1372

В обзоре представлены различия в нозологической структуре офтальмопатологии, приводящей к детской слепоте и слабовидению в различных странах. В мире насчитывается 1,4 млн слепых детей, примерно три четверти из них живут в беднейших регионах Африки и Азии. В странах с низким уровнем дохода одной из ведущих причин нарушений зрения у детей является врожденная катаракта, тогда как в странах со средним уровнем дохода в большей степени распространена ретинопатия недоношенных. Некорригированные аномалии рефракции у детей, как и у взрослых, по-прежнему остаются одной из главных причин нарушений зрения во всех странах. Развитие новых технологий и оказание качественной медицинской помощи влияют на структуру причин развития слепоты и слабовидения, а также их географические различия. Анализ показал, что требуется много усилий в масштабе государственных программ по профилактике, ранней диагностике, лечению и реабилитации детей с социально значимыми заболеваниями глаз.

The review presents differences in the nosological structure of ophthalmic pathology leading to childhood blindness and low vision in different countries. Worldwide, 1.4 million children are blind, about three quarters of whom live in the poorest regions of Africa or Asia. In lowincome countries, the congenital cataract is one of the leading causes of visual impairment in children, while retinopathy of prematurity is more common in middle-income countries. Uncorrected refractive errors both in children and adults, remain a major cause of visual impairment in all countries. The development of new technologies and quality medical care impacts the structure of blindness and low vision causes, as well as their geographical specificities. The analysis showed that much effort is required from large-scale state programs of prevention, early diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation of children with socially significant eye diseases.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.