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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">helmholtzeyeinstitute</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский офтальмологический журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Ophthalmological Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-0076</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-5760</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Real time Publishers</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21516/2072-0076-2024-17-1-144-148</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">helmholtzeyeinstitute-1443</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Микробиота глазной поверхности в норме и связь изменений ее состава с офтальмопатологией</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The normal microbiota of the ocular surface and the connection between the changes in its composition and ophthalmic pathologies</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9571-5067</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Резбаева</surname><given-names>Г. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rezbaeva</surname><given-names>G. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ул. Рихарда Зорге, д. 67, корп. 1, Уфа, 450075</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Gulnara N. Rezbaeva — head of pediatric ophthalmology department</p><p>67, Bldg. 1, Richard Sorge St., Ufa, 450075</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gulnaranil@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6815-8208</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Оренбуркина</surname><given-names>О. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Orenburkina</surname><given-names>O. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>л. Рихарда Зорге, д. 67, корп. 1, Уфа, 450075</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga I. Orenburkina — Dr. of Med. Sci., director</p><p>67, Bldg. 1, Richard Sorge St., Ufa, 450075</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3330-9437</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гимранова</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gimranova</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кафедра фундаментальной и прикладной микробиологии</p><p>ул. Пушкина, д. 96/98, Уфа, 450008</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina A. Gimranova — Cand. of Med. Sci., head of fundamental and applied microbiology chair</p><p>96/98, Pushkin St., Ufa, 450008</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6700-0812</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бабушкин</surname><given-names>А. Э.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Babushkin</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ул. Пушкина, д. 90, Уфа, 450008</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandr E. Babushkin — Dr. of Med. Sci., head of the department of research and development organization</p><p>90, Pushkin St., Ufa, 450008</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2508-7901</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Газизуллина</surname><given-names>Г. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gazizullina</surname><given-names>G. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лаборатория микробиома человека</p><p>ул. Пушкина, д. 96/98, Уфа, 450008</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Gulnara R. Gazizullina — head of the laboratory of human microbiome</p><p>96/98, Pushkin St., Ufa, 450008</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Башкирский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России, Всероссийский центр глазной и пластической хирургии</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Center for Eye and Plastic Surgery, Bashkir State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Башкирский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Fundamental and applied microbiology chair, Bashkir State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Башкирский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России, Уфимский НИИ глазных болезней</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ufa Eye Research Institute, Bashkir State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Башкирский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Human microbiome laboratory, Bashkir State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>03</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>144</fpage><lpage>148</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Резбаева Г.Н., Оренбуркина О.И., Гимранова И.А., Бабушкин А.Э., Газизуллина Г.Р., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Резбаева Г.Н., Оренбуркина О.И., Гимранова И.А., Бабушкин А.Э., Газизуллина Г.Р.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Rezbaeva G.N., Orenburkina O.I., Gimranova I.A., Babushkin A.E., Gazizullina G.R.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://roj.igb.ru/jour/article/view/1443">https://roj.igb.ru/jour/article/view/1443</self-uri><abstract><p>Микрофлора глазной поверхности играет важную роль в защитных механизмах, поскольку значимо влияет на регуляцию иммунологической активности и барьерный эффект против инвазии патогена. Наличие нормального микробиома глаза (МГ) не вызывает заболеваний органа зрения, офтальмопатология возникает лишь при нарушении анатомо-барьерных функций и иммунного статуса. При этом здоровая глазная поверхность характеризуется относительно стабильным и сравнительно низким разнообразием МГ. Окружающая среда, диета, пол, возраст и некоторые другие факторы, например потенциальная возможность загрязнения, влияют на состав микробной флоры, что усложняет ее анализ и может повлиять на его результаты. Кроме того, на состав МГ могут также влиять потенциально патогенные организмы, различные расстройства, включая воспаление, и методы лечения патологии глазной поверхности. Традиционные микробиологические исследования на основе культивирования обычно выявляют достаточно низкое разнообразие микроорганизмов в том или ином регионе. Результаты новых методов, например генетического анализа, основанного на секвенировании рРНК, показывают значительно большее разнообразие, чем предполагалось ранее. Установлены изменения состава микробиоты глазной поверхности при блефарите, конъюнктивите, кератите, увеите, синдроме сухого глаза, возрастной макулярной дегенерации, диабетической ретинопатии, глаукоме, миопии и др. В настоящее время отсутствуют четкие критерии нормы МГ (в том числе какие его колебания в течение жизни нужно считать нормальными), недостаточно полно исследованы особенности и влияние состава МГ на иммунитет и организм в целом, в частности с учетом связи с микробиомом кишечника, а также зависимость от пола, возраста, особенностей проживания человека и т. д. Ответы на указанные вопросы дадут только результаты дальнейших исследований МГ.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The microflora of the ocular surface serves an important role in the protective mechanisms, since it significantly affects the regulation of immunological activity and the barrier effect against pathogen invasion. The presence of a healthy ocular microbiome causes no eye diseases, and ophthalmic pathologies develop only when anatomical barrier functions and immune status are violated. A healthy eye surface is characterized by a relatively stable and small microbiome diversity. The environment, diet, gender, age and some other factors, such as potential contamination, affect the composition of the microbial flora, complicate its analysis and may affect the results of the latter. Moreover, potentially pathogenic organisms various disorders, including inflammation and methods of treating ocular surface can also affect the composition of eye microbioma. Traditional microbiological studies based on cultivation often reveal a rather low diversity of microorganisms in a particular region. New research methods, e.g. genetic analysis based on rRNA sequencing, indicate a much greater diversity than previously assumed. It has been shown that changes in the microbiota composition occur in blepharitis, conjunctivitis, keratitis, uveitis, dry eye syndrome, age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, myopia, etc.</p><p>Currently, there are no clear criteria for describing norms of the ocular microbiome (including fluctuations which should be considered normal during life). The features and impact of the microflora composition on immunity and human body as a whole, in particular, those associated with the intestinal microbiome and their dependence on gender, age, place of residence, etc have not been studied in full.</p><p>Further studies of eye microbiome can give answers to all these questions.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>микробиота</kwd><kwd>микрофлора</kwd><kwd>глазная поверхность</kwd><kwd>микробиом глаза</kwd><kwd>секвенирование рРНК</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>microbiota</kwd><kwd>microflora</kwd><kwd>ocular surface</kwd><kwd>microbiome of the eye</kwd><kwd>rRNA sequencing</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кудрявцева Ю.В., Демакова Л.В., Подыниногина В.В., Леванова О.Г., Митина А.С. 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