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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">helmholtzeyeinstitute</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский офтальмологический журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Ophthalmological Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-0076</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-5760</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Real time Publishers</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21516/2072-0076-2024-17-2-55-61</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">helmholtzeyeinstitute-1490</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНО-ЛАБОРАТОРНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>EXPERIMENTAL AND LABORATORY STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Моделирование ранней стадии нейродегенеративного процесса в сетчатке путем локального введения дофаминергического нейротоксина</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Modelling of the early stage of retinal neurodegeneration via a topical injection of dopaminergic neurotoxin</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8032-4248</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Павленко</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pavlenko</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Татьяна Аркадьевна Павленко — канд. мед. наук, начальник отдела патофизиологии и биохимии </p><p>Москва, ул. Садовая-Черногрязская, д. 14/19, 105062</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatiana A. Pavlenko — Cand. of Med. Sci., head of the department of pathophysiology and biochemistry </p><p>14/19, Sadovaya-Chernogriazskaya St., Moscow, 105062</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tanya1975_@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7856-8005</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чеснокова</surname><given-names>Н. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chesnokova</surname><given-names>N. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Наталья Борисовна Чеснокова — д-р биол. наук, профессор, главный специалист отдела патофизиологии и биохимии </p><p>Москва, ул. Садовая-Черногрязская, д. 14/19, 105062</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalya B. Chesnokova — Dr. of Biol. Sci., professor, principal specialist of the department of pathophysiology and biochemistry </p><p>14/19, Sadovaya-Chernogriazskaya St., Moscow, 105062</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7557-4955</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Безнос</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Beznos</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ольга Валерьевна Безнос — врач клинической лабораторной диагностики отдела патофизиологии и биохимии </p><p>Москва, ул. Садовая-Черногрязская, д. 14/19, 105062</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga V. Beznos — doctor clinical-diagnostic laboratory, department of patophysiology and biochemistry </p><p>14/19, Sadovaya-Chernogriazskaya St., Moscow, 105062</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Григорьев</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grigoryev</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Андрей Владимирович Григорьев — канд. мед. наук, заведующий клинико-диагностической лабораторией </p><p>Москва, ул. Садовая-Черногрязская, д. 14/19, 105062</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey V. Grigoryev — Cand. of Med. Sci., head, clinic-diagnostic laboratory </p><p>14/19, Sadovaya-Chernogriazskaya St., Moscow, 105062</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1121-4314</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Охоцимская</surname><given-names>Т. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Okhotsimskaya</surname><given-names>T. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Татьяна Дмитриевна Охоцимская — канд. мед. наук, врач-офтальмолог отдела патологии сетчатки и зрительного нерва </p><p>Москва, ул. Садовая-Черногрязская, д. 14/19, 105062</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatiana D. Okhotsimskaya — Cand. of Med. Sci., ophthalmologist, department of pathology of the retina and optic nerve</p><p>14/19, Sadovaya-Chernogriazskaya St., Moscow, 105062</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шикарева</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shikareva</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Наталья Николаевна Шикарева — младший научный сотрудник отдела патофизиологии и биохимии </p><p>Москва, ул. Садовая-Черногрязская, д. 14/19, 105062</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia N. Shikareva — junior researcher, department of pathophysiology and biochemistry </p><p>14/19, Sadovaya-Chernogriazskaya St., Moscow, 105062</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «НМИЦ глазных болезней им. Гельмгольца» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>07</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>55</fpage><lpage>61</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Павленко Т.А., Чеснокова Н.Б., Безнос О.В., Григорьев А.В., Охоцимская Т.Д., Шикарева Н.Н., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Павленко Т.А., Чеснокова Н.Б., Безнос О.В., Григорьев А.В., Охоцимская Т.Д., Шикарева Н.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pavlenko T.A., Chesnokova N.B., Beznos O.V., Grigoryev A.V., Okhotsimskaya T.D., Shikareva N.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://roj.igb.ru/jour/article/view/1490">https://roj.igb.ru/jour/article/view/1490</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель работы — разработать модель ранней стадии нейродегенеративного процесса в сетчатке путем интравитреального введения дофаминергического нейротоксина. Материал и методы. Эксперимент проведен на 20 кроликах. В опытных группах в оба глаза интравитреально вводили по 100 мкл раствора 6-гидроксидофамина (6-OHDA) в NaCl 0,9 % с 0,5 % аскорбиновой кислотой, содержащего 0,25 мг или 0,5 мг 6-OHDA. Контрольная группа получала интравитреальные инъекции контрольного раствора без нейротоксина. На 7-е и 14-е сутки после введения нейротоксина определяли внутриглазное давление (ВГД), реакцию зрачка на свет, глазной кровоток, оценивали состояние глазного дна. В гомогенате сетчатки на 7-е сутки после введения 0,25 мг 6-OHDA методом ИФА определяли содержание дофамина и на 14-е сутки после введения 0,5 мг 6-OHDA — содержание дофамина, норадреналина, фактора некроза опухоли (TNF-α), эндотелина-1. Результаты. После введения 0,25 мг нейротоксина на 7-е сутки в сетчатке выявлено снижение уровня дофамина (0,043 ± 0,130 пг/мг, в контроле 0,10 ± 0,03 пг/мг, р &lt; 0,01), а через 2 нед увеличение в 4 раза содержания дофамина (р &lt; 0,05) и норадреналина (р &lt; 0,01) по сравнению с группой контроля. При дозе 0,5 мг содержание дофамина по сравнению с контролем увеличивалось в 3 раза (р &lt; 0,05), а норадреналина — в 5 раз (р &lt; 0,01). Содержание эндотелина-1 по отношению к контролю увеличивалось на 14-е сутки после введения нейротоксина в дозе 0,25 мг на 65 % (р &lt; 0,01), а в дозе 0,5 мг — на 45 % (р &lt; 0,05). Содержание TNF-α в сетчатке на 14-е сутки после введения нейротоксина в дозе 0,25 мг увеличивалось на 43 % (р &lt; 0,05), а в дозе 0,5 мг — на 20 % (р &lt; 0,05) по сравнению с контролем. После введения нейротоксина наблюдалось дозозависимое изменение уровня ВГД, нарушение реакции зрачка на свет, снижение глазного кровотока. Заключение. Однократно интравитреально введенный дофаминергический нейротоксин 6-OHDA в дозе 0,25 и 0,5 мг вызывает в глазу нейровоспаление и нейроваскулярные нарушения, являющиеся ключевыми звеньями нейродегенеративного процесса. Для моделирования его ранней стадии предпочтительно введение 6-OHDA в дозе 0,25 мг в связи с более легким характером функциональных изменений. Такая модель может быть использована для изучения патогенеза нейродегенеративных процессов в глазу, поиска их ранних прогностических маркеров и оценки эффективности медикаментозных воздействий.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Purpose: to develop a model of the early stage of retinal neurodegeneration via an intravitreal injection of the dopaminergic neurotoxin. Material and methods. The experiment was carried out on 20 Chinchilla rabbits. The experimental groups received intravitreal injection of 0.1 ml of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) in NaCl 0.9 % with 0.5 % ascorbate, containing 0.25 or 0.5 mg 6-OHDA. The control group received injections of 0.1 ml of NaCl-ascorbate solution without neurotoxin. On the 7th and the 14th days after the injection, intraocular pressure (IOP), pupillary light reaction and ocular blood flow were estimated and the fundus was examined. On the 7th day after an injection of 0.25 mg 6-OHDA, we used ELISA to measure dopamine concentration in retinal homogenates, while on the 14th day after an injection of 0.5 mg 6-OHDA, the concentrations of dopamine, norepinephrine, TNF-a and endothelin-1 were measured by the same method. Results. On the 7th day after a 0,25 mg injection of neurotoxine, we revealed a decrease of dopamine in the retina (0.043 ± 0.130 pg/mg protein compared with 0.10 ± 0,03 pg/mg protein in the controls, р &lt; 0.01). On the 14th day, dopamine and norepinephrine levels showed a fourfold increase (р &lt; 0.05). An injection of 0.5 mg of 6-OHDA caused a threefold increase of dopamine (р &lt; 0.05) and a fivefold increase of norepinephrine (р &lt; 0.01) concentration in comparison with the controls. On the 14th day, endotheline-1 level was 65 % higher than in the controls after a 0.25 mg 6-OHDA injection (р &lt; 0.01) and 45 % higher after a 0,5 mg injection (р&lt;0.05). At the same time, TNF-α levels increased by 43 % (р &lt; 0.05) and 20 % (р &lt; 0.05) respectively. We also revealed a dose-dependent change of IOP, a disturbance of pupillary light reaction and decreased ocular blood flow after an injection of neurotoxin. Conclusion. A single intravitreal injection of dopaminergic neurotoxin 6-OHDA in the amount of 0.25 or 0.5 mg per eye leads to a neuroinflammation and vascular disorders, which are the main pathogenetic pathways of neurodegeneration. To model its early phase, the 0.25 mg dose is preferable as it causes less dramatic functional disorders. The latter model can be useful for the investigation of retinal neurodegeneration pathogenesis, the search for early diagnostic and prognostic markers thereof and the estimation of therapy effectiveness.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>нейродегенеративный процесс</kwd><kwd>сетчатка</kwd><kwd>катехоламины</kwd><kwd>эндотелин-1</kwd><kwd>TNF-α</kwd><kwd>нейровоспаление</kwd><kwd>нейроваскулярные нарушения</kwd><kwd>внутриглазное давление</kwd><kwd>реакция зрачка на свет</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>neurodegenerative process</kwd><kwd>retina</kwd><kwd>catecholamines</kwd><kwd>endothelin-1</kwd><kwd>TNF-α</kwd><kwd>neuroinflammation</kwd><kwd>neurovascular disorders</kwd><kwd>intraocular pressure</kwd><kwd>pupillary light reaction</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ashok A, Singh N, Chaudhary S, et al. 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