helmholtzeyeinstituteРоссийский офтальмологический журналRussian Ophthalmological Journal2072-00762587-5760Real time Publishers10.21516/2072-0076-2024-17-2-135-141helmholtzeyeinstitute-1502Research ArticleОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫREVIEWSПрименение искусственного интеллекта в офтальмологии: настоящее и будущееArtificial intelligence in ophthalmology: the present and the futurehttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8480-0894НероевВ. В.NeroevV. V.

Владимир Владимирович Нероев — академик РАН, д-р мед. наук, профессор, директор; заведующий кафедрой глазных болезней факультета дополнительного профессионального образования  

ул. Садовая-Черногрязская, д. 14/19, Москва, 105062;ул. Делегатская, д. 20, стр. 1, Москва, 127473

Vladimir V. Neroev — Academician of RAS, Dr. of Med. Sci., professor, director; head of eye diseases chair of the faculty of additional professional education 

14/19, Sadovaya-Chernogryazskaya St., Moscow, 105062;20, Bldg.1, Delegatskaya St., Moscow, 127473

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4530-553XЗайцеваО. В.ZaytsevaO. V.

Ольга Владимировна Зайцева — канд. мед. наук, заместитель директора, ведущий научный сотрудник отдела патологии сетчатки и зрительного нерва; доцент кафедры глазных болезней  

ул. Садовая-Черногрязская, д. 14/19, Москва, 105062;ул. Делегатская, д. 20, стр. 1, Москва, 127473

Olga V. Zaytseva — Cand. of Med. Sci., deputy director, leading researcher of the department of retina and optic nerve pathology; assistant professor of eye diseases chair of the faculty of additional professional education 

14/19, Sadovaya-Chernogryazskaya St., Moscow, 105062;20, Bldg.1, Delegatskaya St., Moscow, 127473

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6922-0464ПетровС. Ю.PetrovS. Yu.

Сергей Юрьевич Петров — д-р мед. наук, начальник отдела глаукомы 

ул. Садовая-Черногрязская, д. 14/19, Москва, 105062

Sergey Yu. Petrov — Dr. of Med. Sci., head of the glaucoma department 

14/19, Sadovaya-Chernogryazskaya St., Moscow, 105062

glaucomatosis@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5331-632XБрагинА. А.BraginA. A.

Алексей Александрович Брагин — канд. техн. наук, начальник отдела информационных технологий  

ул. Садовая-Черногрязская, д. 14/19, Москва, 105062

Aleksey A. Bragin — Cand. of Sci. (Engineering), head of the information technology department 

14/19, Sadovaya-Chernogryazskaya St., Moscow, 105062

ФГБУ «НМИЦ глазных болезней им. Гельмгольца» Минздрава России; ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет им. А.И. Евдокимова» Минздрава РоссииРоссияHelmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases; A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and DentistryRussian FederationФГБУ «НМИЦ глазных болезней им. Гельмгольца» Минздрава РоссииРоссияHelmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye DiseasesRussian Federation202402072024172135141Copyright © Нероев В.В., Зайцева О.В., Петров С.Ю., Брагин А.А., 20242024Нероев В.В., Зайцева О.В., Петров С.Ю., Брагин А.А.Neroev V.V., Zaytseva O.V., Petrov S.Y., Bragin A.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://roj.igb.ru/jour/article/view/1502

В настоящее время медицинская отрасль подвергается активной цифровой трансформации, включающей создание электронных баз данных, систем облачной безопасности, мобильных устройств для контроля здоровья и инструментов телемедицины. Одним из важнейших технологических достижений последнего десятилетия является искусственный интеллект (ИИ), постепенно находящий свое применение в различных разделах практической медицины. Наиболее часто применяемым инструментом ИИ принято считать нейронные сети, использование которых в офтальмологии является перспективным подходом, повышающим качество клинического обследования. В обзоре приведены результаты применения инструментов ИИ в диагностике наиболее распространенных офтальмонозологий — диабетической ретинопатии, макулярной дегенерации, ретинопатии недоношенных, глаукомы, катаракты, офтальмоонкологии. Проанализированы преимущества нейронных сетей в диагностике и мониторинге заболеваний органа зрения, а также сложности их внедрения, включающие этические и юридические конфликты.

The medical industry is undergoing an active digital transformation, including the creation of electronic databases, cloud security systems, mobile health monitoring devices, and telemedicine tools. Artificial intelligence (AI), one of the most important technological achievements of the last decade, is gradually gaining momentum in various areas of practical medicine. The cutting edge of AI, neural networks, offers promising approaches to the improvement of clinical examination quality. The review presents data of studies focusing on the use of AI tools in the diagnosis of the most common ophthalmic diseases: diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, retinopathy of prematurity, glaucoma, cataracts, and ophthalmic oncology. We discuss both the advantages of neural networks in the diagnosis and monitoring of eye diseases, and outline the difficulties of their implementation, including ethical and legal conflicts.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.