helmholtzeyeinstituteРоссийский офтальмологический журналRussian Ophthalmological Journal2072-00762587-5760Real time Publishers10.21516/2072-0076-2024-17-3-139-144helmholtzeyeinstitute-1564Research ArticleОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫREVIEWSХирургическое лечение диабетического макулярного отекаSurgical treatment of diabetic macular edemahttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4341-3572ФайзрахмановР. Р.FayzrakhmanovR. R.

Файзрахманов Ринат Рустамович — д-р мед. наук, профессор, заведующий Центром офтальмологии ФГБУ «НМХЦ им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России; заведующий кафедрой офтальмологии ИУВ ФГБУ «НМХЦ им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России.

ул. Нижняя Первомайская, д. 70, Москва, 105203; ул. Нижняя Первомайская, д. 65, Москва, 105203

Rinat R. Fayzrakhmanov — Dr. of Med. Sci., professor, director of the center of ophthalmology, N.I. Pirogov National Medical and Surgical Center; head of the chair of ophthalmology, N.I. Pirogov National Medical Surgical Center, Institute of Advanced Training of Physicians.

70, Nizhnyaya Pervomayskaya St.,105203 Moscow; 65, Nizhnyaya Pervomayskaya St., Moscow, 105203

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3470-6282ПавловскийО. А.PavlovskyO. A.

Павловский Олег Александрович — канд. мед. наук, врач-офтальмолог, ФГБУ «НМХЦ им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России, Центр офтальмологии; ассистент кафедры офтальмологии ИУВ ФГБУ «НМХЦ им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России.

ул. Нижняя Первомайская, д. 70, Москва, 105203; ул. Нижняя Первомайская, д. 65, Москва, 105203

Oleg А. Pavlovskiy — Cand. of Med. Sci., ophthalmologist, N.I. Pirogov National Medical and Surgical Center, center of ophthalmology; assistant of the chair of ophthalmology, N.I. Pirogov National Medical Surgical Center, Institute of Advanced Training of Physicians.

70, Nizhnyaya Pervomayskaya St.,105203 Moscow; 65, Nizhnyaya Pervomayskaya St., Moscow, 105203

https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9015-7158ЛукиныхМ. А.LukinykhM. A.

Лукиных Михаил Алексеевич — врач-офтальмолог.

Смоленская площадь, д. 3, Москва, 121099

Mikhail A. Lukinykh — ophthalmologist.

3, Smolenskaya square, Moscow, 121099

97mikol97@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0009-0005-8182-2528ЕгороваН. С.EgorovaN. S.

Егорова Наталья Сергеевна — канд. мед. наук, врач-офтальмолог.

Смоленская площадь, д. 3, Москва, 121099

Natalia S. Egorova — Cand. of Med. Sci., ophthalmologist.

3, Smolenskaya square, Moscow, 121099

ФГБУ «НМХЦ им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России, Центр офтальмологии; ИУВ ФГБУ «НМХЦ им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава РоссииРоссияN.I. Pirogov National Medical and Surgical Center, center of ophthalmology; N.I. Pirogov National Medical Surgical Center, Institute of Advanced Training of PhysiciansRussian FederationОфтальмологический центр «Визион»РоссияVision Ophthalmological centerRussian Federation202402102024173139144Copyright © Файзрахманов Р.Р., Павловский О.А., Лукиных М.А., Егорова Н.С., 20242024Файзрахманов Р.Р., Павловский О.А., Лукиных М.А., Егорова Н.С.Fayzrakhmanov R.R., Pavlovsky O.A., Lukinykh M.A., Egorova N.S.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://roj.igb.ru/jour/article/view/1564

Диабетическая ретинопатия (ДР) и диабетический макулярный отек (ДМО) представляют актуальную медико-социальную проблему современного общества. ДМО — это одно из наиболее распространенных осложнений ДР и частая причина внезапного снижения остроты зрения и утраты трудоспособности. В обзоре описаны основные звенья патогенеза ДМО, включающие участие воспалительных цитокинов, продуктов гликирования, активных форм кислорода, фактора роста эндотелия сосудов и различных клеточных повреждений. Представлены существующие классификации данного заболевания, инструментальные методы диагностики и лечения, в первую очередь с использованием ингибиторов ангиогенеза отдельно или в сочетании с лазерным лечением и интравитреальным введением имплантата с дексаметазоном. Проанализированы различные методы хирургического лечения ДР, которые могут оказать влияние на течение ДМО: витреоретинальная хирургия с использованием витрэктомии без или с проведением мембранопилинга внутренней пограничной и эпиретинальной мембран. Отмечены факторы прогноза эффективности данных оперативных вмешательств — по общесоматическому состоянию пациента, а также по результатам оптической когерентной томографии.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic macular edema (DME) present a serious medical and social issue of modern society. DME is one of the most common complications of DR and a frequent cause of a sudden decrease in visual acuity and the onset of disability. The review describes the main links of DME pathogenesis, including the participation of inflammatory cytokines, glycation products, reactive oxygen species, vascular endothelial growth factor and various cellular damages. The existing classifications of the disease, instrumental methods of diagnosis and treatment are presented, primarily those using angiogenesis inhibitors alone or in combination with laser treatment and intravitreal injection of an implant with dexamethasone. Various methods of surgical treatment of DR, which can impact the course of DME, are analyzed, including vitreoretinal surgery using vitrectomy with or without membrane peeling of the internal limiting and epiretinal membranes. Factors predicting the effectiveness of these surgical interventions are listed: these can be based on the general somatic condition of the patient and on the results of optical coherence tomography.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.