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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">helmholtzeyeinstitute</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский офтальмологический журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Ophthalmological Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-0076</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-5760</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Real time Publishers</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21516/2072-0076-2024-17-4-107-110</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">helmholtzeyeinstitute-1631</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Микробиота глазной поверхности при инфекционно-воспалительных заболеваниях глаз</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Microbiota of the ocular surface in infectious/ inflammatory eye diseases</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0569-1264</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бикбов</surname><given-names>М. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bikbov</surname><given-names>M. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мухаррам Мухтарамович Бикбов — д-р мед. наук, профессор, директор.</p><p>Ул. Пушкина, д. 90, Уфа, 450008</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mukharram M. Bikbov — Dr. of Med. Sci., professor, director.</p><p>90, Pushkin St., Ufa, 450008</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6815-8208</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Оренбуркина</surname><given-names>О. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Orenburkina</surname><given-names>O. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ольга Ивановна Оренбуркина — д-р мед. наук, директор.</p><p>Ул. Рихарда Зорге, д. 67, корп. 1, Уфа, 450075</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga I. Orenburkina — Dr. of Med. Sci., director.67, Bldg 1, Richard Sorge St., Ufa, 450075</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6700-0812</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бабушкин</surname><given-names>А. Э.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Babushkin</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Эдуардович Бабушкин — д-р мед. наук, заведующий отделом организации научных исследований и разработок.</p><p>Ул. Пушкина, д. 90, Уфа, 450008</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandr E. Babushkin — Dr. of Med. Sci., head of the department of research and development organization.</p><p>90, Pushkin St., Ufa, 450008</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">virologicdep@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Башкирский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России, Уфимский НИИ глазных болезней</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ufa Eye Research Institute, Bashkir State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Башкирский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России, Всероссийский центр глазной и пластической хирургии</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Center for Eye and Plastic Surgery, Bashkir State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>107</fpage><lpage>110</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бикбов М.М., Оренбуркина О.И., Бабушкин А.Э., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бикбов М.М., Оренбуркина О.И., Бабушкин А.Э.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bikbov M.M., Orenburkina O.I., Babushkin A.E.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://roj.igb.ru/jour/article/view/1631">https://roj.igb.ru/jour/article/view/1631</self-uri><abstract><p>В обзорной статье представлены современные данные о микробиоте (МБТ) глазной поверхности (ГП) при инфекционно-воспалительных заболеваниях глаз. Сапрофитная МБТ повышает устойчивость ГП к патогенным бактериям. Комменсальные микроорганизмы регулируют метаболизм хозяина, развитие иммунной системы и защиту хозяина от инвазии патогенов. Между тем ГП может изменяться в зависимости от различных факторов внешней среды и процессов в организме человека, в частности при его заболеваниях, в том числе офтальмологических. Повреждение эпителия роговицы и конъюнктивы (например, вследствие сухости, использования контактных линз, антибиотиков и т. п.) может привести к увеличению числа бактерий на ГП и нарушению защитной, смазывающей эпителий пленки, содержащей противомикробные соединения. В последние годы в ряде работ показана связь изменения состава глазной МБТ с некоторыми инфекционно-воспалительными офтальмологическими заболеваниями. В частности, выяснилось, что факторы, влияющие на образование слезной жидкости, могут изменять МБТ поверхности глаза, а при ухудшении ее состава вызывать сухость ГП. Увеличение количества патогенных микроорганизмов (особенно грамотрицательных) при ношении контактных линз может привести к изменению МБТ и развитию кератита. При воспалительных заболеваниях глаз значительно чаще (в 94 % случаев) выделяется грамположительная микрофлора, из которой наиболее часто регистрируются коагулазонегативные стафилококки. При глазных бактериальных инфекциях также нередко встречается условно-патогенная микрофлора (до 44,5 %). По всей видимости, МБТ кишечника играет весьма значительную роль в развитии некоторых заболеваний глаз воспалительного характера (например, при переднем и заднем увеите).</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The review article presents current data on the microbiota (MBT) of the ocular surface in infectious and inflammatory eye diseases. Saprophytic MBT increases the resistance of the ocular surface to pathogenic bacteria. Commensal microorganisms regulate host metabolism, immune system development, and defense of the host against pathogen invasion. Meanwhile, ocular surfaces can change due to various environmental factors, processes in the human body, and in particular, due to ophthalmological diseases. Damaged epithelium of the cornea and conjunctiva (e. g. caused by dryness, the use of contact lenses, antibiotics, etc.) can lead to an increase in the number of bacteria on the ocular surface and disruption of the protective film containing antimicrobial compounds that lubricates the epithelium. In recent years, a connection has been shown between changes in the composition of the ocular MBT and a number of infectious and inflammatory ophthalmological diseases. In particular, it turned out that factors influencing the formation of tear fluid can change the MBT of the ocular surface, and when its composition deteriorates, ocular surface may become dry. An increase in the number of pathogenic microorganisms when wearing contact lenses, especially gram-negative ones, can lead to changes in the MBT and the development of keratitis. In inflammatory eye diseases, gram-positive microflora is most often isolated (in 94 % of cases), of which coagulaze negative staphylococci are most often recorded. In bacterial eye infections. conditionally pathogenic microflora often occurs (44.5 %). Apparently, intestinal MBT plays a very significant role in the development of some inflammatory eye diseases such as anterior and posterior uveitis.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>микробиота</kwd><kwd>микрофлора</kwd><kwd>глазная поверхность</kwd><kwd>инфекционно-воспалительные заболевания глаз</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>microbiota</kwd><kwd>microflora</kwd><kwd>ocular surface</kwd><kwd>infectious and inflammatory eye diseases</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">никто из авторов не имеет финансовой заинтересованности в представленных материалах или методах. Работа выполнена при поддержке Программы стратегического академического лидерства Башкирского государственного медицинского университета (Приоритет-2030)</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">no author has a financial or property interest in any material or method mentioned. 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