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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">helmholtzeyeinstitute</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский офтальмологический журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Ophthalmological Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-0076</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-5760</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Real time Publishers</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21516/2072-0076-2024-17-4-121-128</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">helmholtzeyeinstitute-1634</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Иммунологические и клинические особенности бактериальных увеитов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Immunologic and clinical features of bacterial uveitis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1392-3432</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Клещева</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kleshcheva</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Елена Александровна Клещева — канд. мед. наук, доцент, доцент кафедры офтальмологии РМАНПО, врач-офтальмолог ММНКЦ им. С.П. Боткина.</p><p>Ул. Баррикадная, д. 2/1, стр. 1, Москва, 125993; 2-й Боткинский пр-д, д. 5, Москва, 125284</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena A. Klescheva — Cand. of Med. Sci., associate professor, chair of ophthalmology RMACPE, ophthalmologist2</p><p>2/1, Barrikadnaya St., Moscow, 125993; 5, 2nd Botkinsky Drive, Moscow, 125284</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">klelen@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8913-822X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кочергин</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kochergin</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сергей Александрович Кочергин — д-р мед. наук, профессор, профессор кафедры офтальмологии РМАНПО, врач-офтальмолог ММНКЦ им. С.П. Боткина.</p><p>Ул. Баррикадная, д. 2/1, стр. 1, Москва, 125993; 2-й Боткинский пр-д, д. 5, Москва, 125284</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey A. Kochergin — Dr. of Med. Sci., professor, chair of ophthalmology RMACPE, ophthalmologist S.P. Botkin CCH.</p><p>2/1, Barrikadnaya St., Moscow, 125993; 5, 2nd Botkinsky Drive, Moscow, 125284</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9080-3170</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аржиматова</surname><given-names>Г. Ш.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Arzhimatova</surname><given-names>G. Sh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гульжиян Шевкетовна Аржиматова — канд. мед. наук, доцент кафедры офтальмологии РМАНПО, руководитель центра ММНКЦ им. С.П. Боткина.</p><p>Ул. Баррикадная, д. 2/1, стр. 1, Москва, 125993; 2-й Боткинский пр-д, д. 5, Москва, 125284</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Gulzhiyan Sh. Arzhimatova — Cand. of Med. Sci., head S.P. Botkin CCH</p><p>2/1, Barrikadnaya St., Moscow, 125993; 5, 2nd Botkinsky Drive, Moscow, 125284</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8420-732X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Клещев</surname><given-names>А. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kleshchev</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Евгеньевич Клещев — ординатор кафедры офтальмологии.</p><p>Ул. Баррикадная, д. 2/1, стр. 1, Москва, 125993</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandr E. Kleshchev — resident, chair of ophthalmology.</p><p>2/1, Barrikadnaya St., Moscow, 125993</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3917-0691</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мельникова</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mel'nikova</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Наталья Владимировна Мельникова — канд. мед. наук, доцент кафедры офтальмологии РМАНПО, врач-офтальмолог ММНКЦ им. С.П. Боткина.</p><p>Ул. Баррикадная, д. 2/1, стр. 1, Москва, 125993; 2-й Боткинский пр-д, д. 5, Москва, 125284</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natal’ya V. Mel'nikova — Cand. of Med. Sci., associate professor, chair of ophthalmology RMACPE, ophthalmologist S.P. Botkin CCH.</p><p>2/1, Barrikadnaya St., Moscow, 125993; 5, 2nd Botkinsky Drive, Moscow, 125284</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ширшова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shirshova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Елена Васильевна Ширшова — заведующая офтальмологическим отделением № 64.</p><p>2-й Боткинский пр-д, д. 5, Москва, 125284</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena V. Shirshova — head of the 64th ophthalmology department.</p><p>5, 2nd Botkinsky Drive, Moscow, 125284</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России; Московский городской офтальмологический центр ГБУЗ «ММНКЦ им. С.П. Боткина» ДЗМ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education; S.P. Botkin City Clinical Hospital</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский городской офтальмологический центр ГБУЗ «ММНКЦ им. С.П. Боткина» ДЗМ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>S.P. Botkin City Clinical Hospital</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>121</fpage><lpage>128</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Клещева Е.А., Кочергин С.А., Аржиматова Г.Ш., Клещев А.Е., Мельникова Н.В., Ширшова Е.В., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Клещева Е.А., Кочергин С.А., Аржиматова Г.Ш., Клещев А.Е., Мельникова Н.В., Ширшова Е.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kleshcheva E.A., Kochergin S.A., Arzhimatova G.S., Kleshchev A.E., Mel'nikova N.V., Shirshova E.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://roj.igb.ru/jour/article/view/1634">https://roj.igb.ru/jour/article/view/1634</self-uri><abstract><p>Бактериальная инфекция — один из этиологических факторов воспаления сосудистой оболочки глаза. Бактериальные агенты, способные провоцировать развитие увеита, многочисленны и разнообразны (грамположительные и грамотрицательные, палочки, кокки и жгутиковые, аэробные и анаэробные). Важно отметить, что бактериальная инфекция может вызывать воспаление увеальной оболочки за счет нескольких патогенетических механизмов. Прямое воздействие микроорганизмов и продуктов их жизнедеятельности лишь одно из реализуемых патологических влияний. Патогенетические механизмы развития увеального воспаления до конца не ясны, однако в настоящее время ведущая роль отводится активации бактериальными антигенами toll-подобных и nod-подобных рецепторов с последующим запуском каскада реакций, приводящих к выработке провоспалительных цитокинов. Кроме того, в качестве важного фактора рассматривают аутоиммунные процессы, в результате которых развивается перекрестное реагирование на антигены бактерий и схожие с ними антигены сосудистой оболочки глаза. Особенности патогенеза обуславливают проявления клинической картины бактериального увеита, для которого характерен гранулематозный тип воспаления. Исключение составляют увеиты, развивающиеся вследствие преобладания аутоиммунного компонента в развитии заболевания, что определяет патоморфологически негранулематозный тип воспаления. В настоящем обзоре освещены иммунологические механизмы развития бактериальных увеитов, а также их патоморфологические и клинические особенности, подробно рассмотрен патогенез сифилитического, туберкулезного, постстрептококкового увеитов. Оценена роль современных лекарственных средств в лечении бактериального воспаления сосудистой оболочки глаза.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Bacterial infection is one of the etiologic factors of inflammation of the uvea. Bacterial agents capable of provoking the development of uveitis are numerous and diverse (Gram-positive and Gram-negative; bacilli, cocci, and flagellates; aerobic and anaerobic). It is important to note that bacterial infection can cause uveal inflammation through several pathogenetic pathways. Direct exposure to microorganisms and products of their vital activity is only one of the realized pathological influences. The pathogenetic mechanisms of uveal inflammation development are not completely clear, but the leading role is currently attributed to activation of Toll-like and Nod-like receptors by bacterial antigens with subsequent triggering of a cascade of reactions leading to the production of inflammatory cytokines. In addition, a significant role is given to autoimmune processes, as a result of which cross-reactivity to bacterial antigens and similar antigens of the ocular vasculature develops. The peculiarities of pathogenesis provide the peculiarities of the clinical picture of bacterial uveitis, which is characterized by granulomatous type of inflammation. The exception is uveitis developing due to the predominance of autoimmune component in the development of the disease, which determines pathomorphological nongranulomatous type of inflammation. In this review immunologic mechanisms of bacterial uveitis development are given, pathogenesis of syphilitic, tuberculous, post-streptococcal uveitis is considered in more detail. Pathomorphologic and clinical features of bacterial uveitis are described. The role of modern drugs in the treatment of bacterial inflammation of the ocular vasculature is evaluated.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>бактериальная инфекция</kwd><kwd>бактериальный увеит</kwd><kwd>toll-подобные рецепторы</kwd><kwd>nod-подобные рецепторы</kwd><kwd>туберкулез</kwd><kwd>сифилис</kwd><kwd>постстрептококковый синдром</kwd><kwd>нестероидные противовоспалительные препараты</kwd><kwd>глюкокортикостероиды</kwd><kwd>фторхинолоны</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>bacterial infection</kwd><kwd>bacterial uveitis</kwd><kwd>toll-like receptors</kwd><kwd>nod-like receptors</kwd><kwd>tuberculosis</kwd><kwd>syphilis</kwd><kwd>post-streptococcal syndrome</kwd><kwd>non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs</kwd><kwd>steroids</kwd><kwd>fluoroquinolones</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">никто из авторов не имеет финансовой заинтересованности в представленных материалах или методах</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">no author has a financial or property interest in any material or method mentioned</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rosenbaum JT, Rosenzweig HL, Smith JR, Martin TM, Planck SR. 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