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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">helmholtzeyeinstitute</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский офтальмологический журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Ophthalmological Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-0076</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-5760</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Real time Publishers</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21516/2072-0076-2024-17-4-129-134</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">helmholtzeyeinstitute-1635</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Значение реактивации латентных вирусов простого герпеса 1-го и 2-го типа в этиопатогенезе хронических воспалительных заболеваний глаз и развитии поздних постувеальных осложнений</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The significance of reactivation of latent herpes simplex viruses type 1 and 2 in the etiopathogenesis of chronic inflammatory eye diseases and the development of late post-uveal complications</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кричевская</surname><given-names>Г. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krichevskaya</surname><given-names>G. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Галина Исааковна Кричевская — канд. мед. наук, ведущий научный сотрудник отдела иммунологии и вирусологии.</p><p>Ул. Садовая-Черногрязская, д. 14/19, Москва, 105062</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Galina I. Krichevskaya — Cand. of Med. Sci., leading researcher, department of immunology and virology.</p><p>14/19, Sadovaya-Chernogryazskaya St., Moscow, 105062</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gkri@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сорожкина</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sorozhkina</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Екатерина Сергеевна Сорожкина — канд. мед. наук, старший научный сотрудник отдела иммунологии и вирусологии.</p><p>Ул. Садовая-Черногрязская, д. 14/19, Москва, 105062</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina S. Sorozhkina — Cand. of Med. Sci., Senior researcher, department of immunology and virology.</p><p>14/19, Sadovaya-Chernogryazskaya St., Moscow, 105062</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Балацкая</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Balatskaya</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Наталья Владимировна Балацкая — канд. биол. наук, начальник отдела иммунологии и вирусологии.</p><p>Ул. Садовая-Черногрязская, д. 14/19, Москва, 105062</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia V. Balatskaya — Cand. of Biol. Sci., head of the department of immunology and virology.</p><p>14/19, Sadovaya-Chernogryazskaya St., Moscow, 105062</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ковалева</surname><given-names>Л. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kovaleva</surname><given-names>L. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Людмила Анатольевна Ковалева — канд. мед. наук, научный сотрудник отдела инфекционных и аллергических заболеваний глаз.</p><p>Ул. Садовая-Черногрязская, д. 14/19, Москва, 105062</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ludmila A. Kovaleva — Cand. of Med. Sci., researcher, department of infectious and allergic eye diseases.</p><p>14/19, Sadovaya-Chernogryazskaya St., Moscow, 105062</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Давыдова</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Davydova</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Галина Анатольевна Давыдова — канд. мед. наук, научный сотрудник отдела патологии сетчатки.</p><p>Ул. Садовая-Черногрязская, д. 14/19, Москва, 105062</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Galina A. Davydova — Cand. of Med. Sci., researcher, department of retina and optic nerve pathology.</p><p>14/19, Sadovaya-Chernogryazskaya St., Moscow, 105062</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «НМИЦ глазных болезней им. Гельмгольца» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>129</fpage><lpage>134</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кричевская Г.И., Сорожкина Е.С., Балацкая Н.В., Ковалева Л.А., Давыдова Г.А., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кричевская Г.И., Сорожкина Е.С., Балацкая Н.В., Ковалева Л.А., Давыдова Г.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Krichevskaya G.I., Sorozhkina E.S., Balatskaya N.V., Kovaleva L.A., Davydova G.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://roj.igb.ru/jour/article/view/1635">https://roj.igb.ru/jour/article/view/1635</self-uri><abstract><p>Вирусы простого герпеса 1-го и 2-го типа (ВПГ-1 и ВПГ-2) вызывают широко распространенные пожизненные инфекции. Эти особенности ВПГ-инфекции (ВПГИ) связаны с наличием двух фаз инфекционного цикла: фазой литической инфекции, протекающей с образованием новых вирусных частиц, и фазой латентной инфекции, при которой ВПГ сохраняется в клетках в скрытом, малодоступном для иммунной системы виде. Литическая и латентная фазы ВПГИ отличаются формой вирусного генома, его локализацией, количеством активных вирусных генов и экспрессируемых вирусных продуктов. Литическая инфекция протекает в основном в эпителиальных клетках, а резервуар латентного вируса — ядра чувствительных нейронов ганглиев, иннервирующих место литической инфекции. В качестве экспериментального аналога латентной инфекции нейронов рассматривают «абортивную» инфекцию перевиваемых клеток Hela, при которой в ядрах выживших клеток геномы ВПГ-1 выявлялись в течение 5 нед, сохраняя способность реактивироваться и вызывать литическую инфекцию. Выявлена частая субклиническая реактивация ВПГ с выделением инфекционного вируса у перенесших герпетические заболевания и у практически здоровых людей с хронической ВПГИ. Рецидивы герпетического заболевания наступают значительно реже. Интеркуррентные заболевания — один из ведущих факторов реактивации латентного ВПГ. Реактивация ВПГ может спровоцировать обострение или развитие заболевания негерпетической этиологии, утяжелить и осложнить его течение. Включение в комплексную терапию таких пациентов специфических противогерпетических средств сокращало сроки наступления ремиссии. Реактивация ВПГ — прогностически неблагоприятный фактор не только при активном заболевании глаз, но и при клинической ремиссии. По нашим данным, субклиническая реактивация ВПГ у пациентов с ремиссией увеита усиливала системную продукцию провоспалительных и ангиогенных хемокинов, способствовала хронизации вялотекущего воспалительного процесса и развитию поздних постувеальных осложнений. Актуальным остается вопрос о назначении таким пациентам специфической противогерпетической терапии.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Herpes simplex viruses type 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2) cause widespread lifelong infections. These characteristics of herpes simplex virus infections (HSVI) are associated with the presence of two phases in the infectious cycle: the lytic infection phase, which involves the formation of new viral particles, and the latent infection phase, during which the HSV remains in cells in a hidden form that is less accessible to the immune system. The lytic and latent phases of HSVI differ in the form of the viral genome, its localization, number of active viral genes, and expressed viral products. Lytic infection primarily occurs in epithelial cells, while the reservoir of latent virus is the nuclei of sensory neurons of the ganglia innervating the site of lytic infection. “Abortive” infection of Hela transfected cells is considered as experimental analogue of latent neuron infection, in which HSV-1 genomes were detected in the nuclei of surviving cells for up to 5 weeks, retaining the ability to reactivate and induce lytic infection. Frequent subclinical reactivation of HSV with the release of infectious virus has been identified in individuals who have had herpes infections and in healthy people with chronic HSVI. Relapses of herpes disease occur much less frequently. Intercurrent diseases are one of the leading factors in the reactivation of latent HSV. Reactivation of HSV can trigger the exacerbation or development of non-herpetic diseases, complicating their course. Inclusion of specific antiviral agents in the complex therapy of such patients shortened the time till remission onset. HSV reactivation is a prognostically unfavorable factor not only in active eye disease but also in clinical remission. According to our data, subclinical HSV reactivation in patients with remission of uveitis increased the systemic production of pro-inflammatory and angiogenic chemokines, thus contributing to the chronicization of a low-grade inflammatory process and the development of late post-uveal complications. The question of prescribing specific antiviral therapy to such patients remains relevant.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>герпес-вирусы</kwd><kwd>литическая фаза</kwd><kwd>латентная фаза</kwd><kwd>субклиническая реактивация</kwd><kwd>воспалительные заболевания глаз</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>herpesviruses</kwd><kwd>lytic phase</kwd><kwd>latent phase</kwd><kwd>subclinical reactivation</kwd><kwd>inflammatory eye diseases</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">no author has a financial or property interest in any material or method mentioned</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Куханова М.К., Коровина А.Н., Кочетков С.Н. Вирус простого герпеса: жизненный цикл и поиск ингибиторов. 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