helmholtzeyeinstituteРоссийский офтальмологический журналRussian Ophthalmological Journal2072-00762587-5760Real time Publishers10.21516/2072-0076-2025-18-1-163-170helmholtzeyeinstitute-1704Research ArticleОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫREVIEWSСлезная жидкость — источник биомаркеров глаукомыTear fluid as a source of biomarkers for glaucomaЧесноковаН. Б.ChesnokovaN. B.

Чеснокова Наталья Борисовна — д-р биол. наук, профессор, главный специалист отдела патофизиологии и биохимии.

ул. Садовая-Черногрязская, д. 14/19, Москва, 105062

Natalya B. Chesnokova — Dr. of Biol. Sci., professor, principal researcher, department of pathophysiology and biochemistry.

14/19, Sadovaya Chernogryazskaya St., Moscow, 105062

nchesnokova2012@yandex.ruПавленкоТ. А.PavlenkoT. A.

Павленко Татьяна Аркадьевна — канд. мед. наук, начальник отдела патофизиологии и биохимии.

ул. Садовая-Черногрязская, д. 14/19, Москва, 105062

Tatyana A. Pavlenko — Cand. of Med. Sci., head of the department of patophysiology and biochemistry.

14/19, Sadovaya Chernogryazskaya St., Moscow, 105062

БезносО. В.BeznosO. V.

Безнос Ольга Валерьевна — врач отдела патофизиологии и биохимии.

ул. Садовая-Черногрязская, д. 14/19, Москва, 105062

Olga V. Beznos — physician, department of patophysiology and biochemistry.

14/19, Sadovaya Chernogryazskaya St., Moscow, 105062

ФГБУ «НМИЦ глазных болезней им. Гельмгольца» Минздрава РоссииРоссияHelmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye DiseasesRussian Federation202525032025181163170Copyright © Чеснокова Н.Б., Павленко Т.А., Безнос О.В., 20252025Чеснокова Н.Б., Павленко Т.А., Безнос О.В.Chesnokova N.B., Pavlenko T.A., Beznos O.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://roj.igb.ru/jour/article/view/1704

Представлен анализ литературы, посвященной изменению при глаукоме содержания в слезной жидкости (СЖ) биологически активных соединений: данных масс-спектрометрического исследования протеома СЖ, цитокинов, нейротрофических факторов, протеолитических ферментов и их ингибиторов, экстраваскулярных везикул, микроРНК, катехоламинов, эндотелинов. Некоторые показатели метаболизма изменяются до появления клинических признаков глаукомы, что делает СЖ источником маркеров для прогноза развития и характера течения глаукомы. Показана зависимость изменения содержания компонентов СЖ от стадии глаукомы. На состав слезы оказывает влияние проводимое лечение не только за счет консервантов, содержащихся в гипотензивных препаратах, но и за счет действия самих препаратов, причем разными путями. Это может быть использовано для индивидуального подбора лекарственных препаратов. Данные о составе СЖ при первичной открытоугольной глаукоме и псевдоэксфолиативной глаукоме (ПЭС) подтверждают различие патогенеза этих видов глаукомы. Выявлены различия в изменении состава СЖ при псевдоэксфолиативном синдроме без глаукомы и ПЭС. Представленные в обзоре данные свидетельствуют о перспективности использования СЖ в качестве источника биомаркеров для прогноза и персонализированной терапии глаукомы.

Review presents the analysis of literature data about metabolic changes in tear fluid (TF) of patients with glaucoma. Data for mass-spectrometry of TF proteome, cytokine profile, neurotrophic factors, proteinases and their inhibitors, extracellular vesicles, miRNA, catecholamines, endothelins are presented. Changes of some of these metabolic parameters outpace clinical manifestation of glaucoma and thus may have prognostic value. TF composition vary depending on the glaucoma stage. The anti-glaucomatous therapy also has influence on the TF composition due to the preservatives in the hypotensive formulations and drug substances themselves via different pathways. TF analyses can be used for the personal therapy adjustment. Data concerning the difference of TF composition in primary open-angle glaucoma and pseudoexfoliative glaucoma confirm the difference of their pathogenesis. Pseudoexfoliative syndrome with glaucoma and without one are also characterized by different alternations in TF. The data presented confirm the diagnostic value of TF as a source of biomarkers for the prognosis of glaucoma development and for the personal therapy adjustment.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.