helmholtzeyeinstituteРоссийский офтальмологический журналRussian Ophthalmological Journal2072-00762587-5760Real time Publishers10.21516/2072-0076-2025-18-1-125-130helmholtzeyeinstitute-1728Research ArticleОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫREVIEWSГенетические факторы развития миопииGenetic factors of myopiaАпрелевА. Е.AprelevA. E.

Апрелев Александр Евгеньевич — д-р мед. наук, доцент, заведующий кафедрой офтальмологии.

ул. Советская, д. 6, Оренбург, 460000

Alexander E. Aprelev — Dr. of Med. Sci., associate professor, head of chair of ophthalmology.

6, Sovetskaya St., Orenburg, 460000

ЧеркасовС. В.CherkasovS. V.

Черкасов Сергей Викторович — д-р мед. наук, профессор РАН, член-корр. РАН, главный научный сотрудник, заведующий лабораторией биомедицинских технологий.

ул. Пионерская, д. 11, Оренбург, 460000

Sergey V. Cherkasov — Dr. of Med. Sci., professor, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, principal researcher, head of laboratory of biomedical technologies.

11, Pionerskaya St., Orenburg, 460000

ЧупровА. Д.ChuprovA. D.

Чупров Александр Дмитриевич — д-р мед. наук, профессор, директор.

ул. Салмышская, д. 17, Оренбург, 460047

Alexander D. Chuprov — Dr. of Med. Sci., professor, director.

17, Salmyshskaya St., Orenburg, 460047

АпрелевВ. Е.AprelevV. E.

Апрелев Вадим Евгеньевич — д-р мед. наук, доцент кафедры неврологии и медицинской генетики.

ул. Советская, д. 6, Оренбург, 460000

Vadim E. Aprelev — Dr. of Med. Sci., assistant professor, chair of neurology and medical genetics.

6, Sovetskaya St., Orenburg, 460000

АнтохинЕ. Ю.AntokhinE. Y.

Антохин Евгений Юрьевич — канд. мед. наук, доцент, заведующий кафедрой клинической психологии и психотерапии.

ул. Советская, д. 6, Оренбург, 460000

Evgeniy Yu. Antokhin — Cand. of Med. Sci., assistant professor, head of chair of clinical psychology and psychotherapy.

6, Sovetskaya St., Orenburg, 460000

АпрелевА. А.AprelevA. A.

Апрелев Александр Александрович — ординатор кафедры офтальмологии.

ул. Советская, д. 6, Оренбург, 460000

Alexandr A. Aprelev — clinical resident, chair of ophthalmology.

6, Sovetskaya St., Orenburg, 460000

aprelev_9956@mail.ruФГБОУ ВО «Оренбургский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава РоссииРоссияOrenburg State Medical UniversityRussian FederationИнститут клеточного и внутриклеточного симбиоза УрО РАН, обособленное структурное подразделение ФГБУН «Оренбургский федеральный исследовательский центр» УрО РАНРоссияInstitute for Cellular and Intracellular Symbiosis of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Orenburg Federal Research Center of the UrB RASRussian FederationОренбургский филиал ФГАУ НМИЦ «МНТК «Микрохирургия глаза» им. акад. С.Н. Федорова» Минздрава РоссииРоссияOrenburg branch of S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery CenterRussian Federation202528032025181125130Copyright © Апрелев А.Е., Черкасов С.В., Чупров А.Д., Апрелев В.Е., Антохин Е.Ю., Апрелев А.А., 20252025Апрелев А.Е., Черкасов С.В., Чупров А.Д., Апрелев В.Е., Антохин Е.Ю., Апрелев А.А.Aprelev A.E., Cherkasov S.V., Chuprov A.D., Aprelev V.E., Antokhin E.Y., Aprelev A.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://roj.igb.ru/jour/article/view/1728

Цель работы — изучение генетических особенностей проявления миопии по современным данным отечественной и зарубежной литературы. Представлен анализ отечественных и зарубежных источников за последние годы по вопросам генетики миопии. Обзор выполнен по ключевым словам данной темы в базах данных PubMed, Scopus, еLibrary.ru. Миопия представляет собой сложный процесс со множеством генетических вариантов развития как по менделевскому типу наследования, так и как комплексное заболевание, обусловленное совместным вкладом нескольких полиморфных генов, которые взаимодействуют или действуют независимо. Необходимо проведение дальнейших генетических исследований в различных регионах нашей страны для разработки возможных индивидуальных подходов к лечению миопии с выбором возраста начала лечения, а также профилактики ее возникновения и прогрессирования.

The purpose of the work is to study the genetic features of myopia manifestation according to modern data of domestic and foreign literature. The analysis of recent publications on the issues of myopia genetics is presented. The review is performed using the keywords of this topic in the PubMed, Scopus, eLibrary.ru databases. Myopia is a complex condition with many genetic variants of development both according to the Mendelian type of inheritance and as a complex disease caused by the joint contribution of several polymorphic genes that interact or act independently. It is necessary to conduct further genetic studies in various regions of our country and abroad for the development of possible individual approaches to the treatment of myopia with the choice of the age of treatment initiation, as well as to the prevention of its occurrence and progression.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.