helmholtzeyeinstituteРоссийский офтальмологический журналRussian Ophthalmological Journal2072-00762587-5760Real time Publishers10.21516/2072-0076-2025-18-1-145-149helmholtzeyeinstitute-1731Research ArticleОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫREVIEWSИзбыточное рубцевание в хирургии глаукомы. Часть 2. Факторы рискаWound healing in glaucoma surgery. Part 2. Risk factorshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4713-5661ИзмайловаН. С.IzmailovaN. S.

Измайлова Наталья Сергеевна — начальник отдела патологической анатомии и гистологии, ведущий научный сотрудник, врач-патологоанатом.

ул. Садовая-Черногрязская, д. 14/19, Москва, 105062

Natalia S. Izmailova — head of the department of pathological anatomy and histology, leading researcher, pathologist.

14/19, Sadovaya-Chernogryazskaya St., Moscow, 105062

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6922-0464ПетровС. Ю.PetrovS. Yu.

Петров Сергей Юрьевич — д-р мед. наук, начальник отдела глаукомы.

ул. Садовая-Черногрязская, д. 14/19, Москва, 105062

Sergey Yu. Petrov — Dr. of Med. Sci., head of glaucoma department.

14/19, Sadovaya-Chernogryazskaya St., Moscow, 105062

glaucomatosis@gmail.comЕпхиеваА. Д.EpkhievaA. D.

Епхиева Анжела Давидовна — аспирант отдела глаукомы.

ул. Садовая-Черногрязская, д. 14/19, Москва, 105062

Angela D. Epkhieva — PhD student, glaucoma department.

14/19, Sadovaya-Chernogryazskaya St., Moscow, 105062

ФГБУ «НМИЦ глазных болезней им. Гельмгольца» Минздрава РоссииРоссияHelmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye DiseasesRussian Federation202528032025181145149Copyright © Измайлова Н.С., Петров С.Ю., Епхиева А.Д., 20252025Измайлова Н.С., Петров С.Ю., Епхиева А.Д.Izmailova N.S., Petrov S.Y., Epkhieva A.D.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://roj.igb.ru/jour/article/view/1731

Хирургическое лечение глаукомы является распространенным методом нормализации офтальмотонуса при отсутствии достаточной эффективности других методов лечения. Однако проведение гипотензивного вмешательства не гарантирует достижения стойкого гипотензивного эффекта, что обусловлено процессами избыточного рубцевания с затруднением оттока внутриглазной жидкости в зоне антиглаукомной операции. При выборе тактики хирургического лечения и методов послеоперационного ведения следует учитывать факторы риска развития избыточного рубцевания. Среди них выделяют молодой возраст пациентов, расовую принадлежность, высокое исходное внутриглазное давление, длительное применение местной гипотензивной терапии, наличие воспалительной патологии, предшествующего гипотензивного вмешательства и/или интраокулярной хирургии, неоваскулярной глаукомы, сахарного диабета.

Surgical treatment of glaucoma is a common method of intraocular pressure normalizing when other treatment methods are not effective enough. However, hypotensive intervention does not guarantee a stable hypotensive effect, which is due to the processes of excessive scarring with difficulty in the outflow of intraocular fluid in the area of antiglaucoma surgery. When choosing the tactics of surgical treatment and methods of postoperative management, risk factors for the development of excessive scarring should be taken into account. Among them are the young age of patients, race, high initial intraocular pressure, long-term use of local hypotensive therapy, the presence of inflammatory pathology, previous hypotensive intervention and / or intraocular surgery, neovascular glaucoma, diabetes mellitus.

глаукомахирургия глаукомывнутриглазное давлениеизбыточное рубцеваниефакторы рискаglaucomaglaucoma surgeryintraocular pressurebleb scarringrisk factorsReferencesTham YC, Li X, Wong TY, et al. Global prevalence of glaucoma and projections of glaucoma burden through 2040: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ophthalmology. 2014; 121 (11): 2081–2090. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2014.05.013Tham YC, Li X, Wong TY, et al. Global prevalence of glaucoma and projections of glaucoma burden through 2040: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ophthalmology. 2014; 121 (11): 2081–2090. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2014.05.013Нероев В.В., Киселева О.А., Бессмертный А.М. Основные результаты мультицентрового исследования эпидемиологических особенностей первичной открытоугольной глаукомы в Российской Федерации. Российский офтальмологический журнал. 2013; 6 (3): 4–7.Neroev V.V., Kiseleva O.A., Bessmertny A.M. The main results of a multicenter study of epidemiological features of primary open-angle glaucoma in the Russian Federation. Russian ophthalmological journal. 2013; 6 (3): 4–7 (In Russ.).Quigley H.A., Broman A.T. The number of people with glaucoma worldwide in 2010 and 2020. Br J Ophthalmol. 2006; 90 (3): 262–7. doi:10.1136/bjo.2005.081224Quigley H.A., Broman A.T. The number of people with glaucoma worldwide in 2010 and 2020. Br J Ophthalmol. 2006; 90 (3): 262–7. doi:10.1136/bjo.2005.081224Sotimehin A.E., Ramulu P.Y. Measuring Disability in Glaucoma. J Glaucoma. 2018; 27 (11): 939–49. doi:10.1097/IJG.0000000000001068Sotimehin A.E., Ramulu P.Y. Measuring Disability in Glaucoma. J Glaucoma. 2018; 27 (11): 939–49. doi:10.1097/IJG.0000000000001068Клинические рекомендации «Глаукома первичная открытоугольная» 2020 (16.02.2021), утверждены Минздравом РФ.Clinical Gidelines “Primary open angle glaucoma”. 2020 (16.02.2021), Approved by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (In Russ.).Saheb H, Ahmed II. Micro-invasive glaucoma surgery: current perspectives and future directions. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2012; 23 (2): 96–104. doi:10.1097/ICU.0b013e32834ff1e7Saheb H, Ahmed II. Micro-invasive glaucoma surgery: current perspectives and future directions. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2012; 23 (2): 96–104. doi:10.1097/ICU.0b013e32834ff1e7Каменских Т.Г., Веселова Е.В., Колбенев И.О., Петрова Ю.В. Влияние различных консервантов на состояние роговицы при инстилляции аналогов простагландинов. Национальный журнал Глаукома. 2015; 14 (3): 49–57.Kamenskikh T.G., Veselova E.V., Kolbenev I.O., Petrova Y.V. Effect of different preservatives on the cornea during instillation of prostaglandin analogues. Russian journal of Glaucoma. 2015; 14 (3): 49–57 (In Russ.).Петров С.Ю., Вострухин С.В., Асламазова А.Э., Шерстнева Л.В. Современная микроинвазивная хирургия глауком. Вестник офтальмологии. 2016; 132 (3): 96–102. doi:10.17116/oftalma2016132396-102Petrov S.Yu., Vostrukhin S.V., Aslamazova A.E., Sherstneva L.V. Modern methods of minimally invasive glaucoma surgery. Vestnik oftal’mologii. 2016; 132 (3): 96–102 (In Russ.). doi:10.17116/oftalma2016132396-102Петров С.Ю., Сафонова Д.М. Современная концепция избыточного рубцевания в хирургии глаукомы. Офтальмология. 2015; 12 (4): 9–17. doi:10.18008/1816-5095-2015-4-9-17Petrov S.Yu., Safonova D.M. The modern concept of wound healing in glaucoma surgery. Ophthalmology in Russia. 2015; 12 (4): 9–17 (In Russ.). doi:10.18008/1816-5095-2015-4-9-17Слонимский А.Ю., Алексеев И.Б., Долгий С.С. Новые возможности профилактики избыточного рубцевания в хирургии глауком. Офтальмология. 2012; 9 (3): 36–40.Slonimskiy A.Yu., Alekseyev I.B., Dolgiy S.S. New possibilities of excessive postoperative scarring prophylaxis by glaucoma surgery. Ophthalmology in Russia. 2012; 9 (3): 36–40 (In Russ.).Измайлова Н.С., Петров С.Ю., Дзебисова А.Д. Избыточное рубцевание в хирургии глаукомы. Часть 1. Морфология рубцового процесса. Российский офтальмологический журнал. 2024; 17 (4): 116–20. https://doi.org/10.21516/2072-0076-2024-17-4-116-120Izmailova N.S., Petrov S.Yu., Dzebisova A.D. Wound healing in glaucoma surgery. Part 1. Wound healing morphology. Russian ophthalmological journal. 2024; 17 (4): 116–20 (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.21516/2072-0076-2024-17-4-116-120Бессмертный А.М., Еричев В.П. Алгоритм хирургического лечения рефрактерной глаукомы. В кн.: Глаукома: проблемы и решения. Москва; 2004. 271–2.Bessmertny A.M., Erichev V.P. Algorithm of surgical treatment of refractory glaucoma. In the book: Glaucoma: problems and solutions. Moscow. 271–2 (In Russ.).European Glaucoma Society. Terminology and guidelines for glaucoma. 5th edition ed: Savona, Italy PubliComm; 2020.European Glaucoma Society. Terminology and guidelines for glaucoma. 5th edition ed: Savona, Italy PubliComm; 2020.Khaw PT, Chiang M, Shah P, et al. Enhanced trabeculectomy: the moorfields safer surgery system. Dev Ophthalmol. 2017; 59: 15–35. doi: 10.1159/000458483Khaw PT, Chiang M, Shah P, et al. Enhanced trabeculectomy: the moorfields safer surgery system. Dev Ophthalmol. 2017; 59: 15–35. doi: 10.1159/000458483Investigators A. The Advanced Glaucoma Intervention Study (AGIS): 11. Risk factors for failure of trabeculectomy and argon laser trabeculoplasty. Am J Ophthalmol. 2002; 134 (4): 481–98. doi:10.1016/s0002-9394(02)01658-6Investigators A. The Advanced Glaucoma Intervention Study (AGIS): 11 Risk factors for failure of trabeculectomy and argon laser trabeculoplasty. Am J Ophthalmol. 2002; 134 (4): 481–98. doi:10.1016/s0002-9394(02)01658-6Sussman MD. Aging of connective tissue: physical properties of healing wounds in young and old rats. Am J Physiol. 1973; 224 (5): 1167–71. doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1973.224.5.1167Sussman MD. Aging of connective tissue: physical properties of healing wounds in young and old rats. Am J Physiol. 1973; 224 (5): 1167–71. doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1973.224.5.1167Landers J, Martin K, Sarkies N, Bourne R, Watson P. A twenty-year follow-up study of trabeculectomy: risk factors and outcomes. Ophthalmology. 2012; 119 (4): 694–702. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2011.09.043Landers J, Martin K, Sarkies N, Bourne R, Watson P. A twenty-year follow-up study of trabeculectomy: risk factors and outcomes. Ophthalmology. 2012; 119 (4): 694–702. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2011.09.043Fontana H, Nouri-Mahdavi K, Caprioli J. Trabeculectomy with mitomycin C in pseudophakic patients with open-angle glaucoma: outcomes and risk factors for failure. Am J Ophthalmol. 2006; 141 (4): 652–9. doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2005.11.039Fontana H, Nouri-Mahdavi K, Caprioli J. Trabeculectomy with mitomycin C in pseudophakic patients with open-angle glaucoma: outcomes and risk factors for failure. Am J Ophthalmol. 2006; 141 (4): 652–9. doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2005.11.039Khaw PT, Chiang M, Shah P, et al. Enhanced trabeculectomy: the Moorfields Safer Surgery. System Dev Ophthalmol. 2012; 50: 1–28. doi:10.1159/000334776Khaw PT, Chiang M, Shah P, et al. Enhanced trabeculectomy: the Moorfields Safer Surgery. System Dev Ophthalmol. 2012; 50: 1–28. doi:10.1159/000334776Gressel MG, Heuer DK, Parrish RK, 2nd. Trabeculectomy in young patients. Ophthalmology. 1984; 91 (10): 1242–6. doi:10.1016/s0161-6420(84)34179-3Gressel MG, Heuer DK, Parrish RK, 2nd. Trabeculectomy in young patients. Ophthalmology. 1984; 91 (10): 1242–6. doi:10.1016/s0161-6420(84)34179-3Merritt JC. Filtering procedures in American blacks. Ophthalmic Surg. 1980; 11 (2): 91–4.Merritt JC. Filtering procedures in American blacks. Ophthalmic Surg. 1980; 11 (2): 91–4.Miller RD, Barber JC. Trabeculectomy in black patients. Ophthalmic Surg. 1981; 12 (1): 46–50. PMID: 7231869.Miller RD, Barber JC. Trabeculectomy in black patients. Ophthalmic Surg. 1981; 12 (1): 46–50. PMID: 7231869.Shingleton BJ, Distler JA, Baker BH. Filtration surgery in black patients: early results in a West Indian population. Ophthalmic Surg. 1987 Mar; 18 (3): 195–9. PMID: 3587859.Shingleton BJ, Distler JA, Baker BH. Filtration surgery in black patients: early results in a West Indian population. Ophthalmic Surg. 1987 Mar; 18 (3): 195–9. PMID: 3587859.Broadway D, Grierson I, Hitchings R. Racial differences in the results of glaucoma filtration surgery: are racial differences in the conjunctival cell profile important? Br J Ophthalmol. 1994; 78 (6): 466–75. doi:10.1136/bjo.78.6.466Broadway D, Grierson I, Hitchings R. Racial differences in the results of glaucoma filtration surgery: are racial differences in the conjunctival cell profile important? Br J Ophthalmol. 1994; 78 (6): 466–75. doi:10.1136/bjo.78.6.466Montagna W, Carlisle K. The architecture of black and white facial skin. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1991; 24 (6 Pt 1): 929–37. doi:10.1016/0190-9622(91)70148-uMontagna W, Carlisle K. The architecture of black and white facial skin. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1991; 24 (6 Pt 1): 929–37. doi:10.1016/0190-9622(91)70148-uBerardesca E, de Rigal J, Leveque JL, Maibach HI. In vivo biophysical characterization of skin physiological differences in races. Dermatologica. 1991; 182 (2): 89–93. doi:10.1159/000247752Berardesca E, de Rigal J, Leveque JL, Maibach HI. In vivo biophysical characterization of skin physiological differences in races. Dermatologica. 1991; 182 (2): 89–93. doi:10.1159/000247752McNair SS. Chronic simple glaucoma in the Negro. Am J Ophthalmol. 1951; 34 (1): 70–6. doi:10.1016/0002-9394(51)91929-0McNair SS. Chronic simple glaucoma in the Negro. Am J Ophthalmol. 1951; 34 (1): 70–6. doi:10.1016/0002-9394(51)91929-0Scott JG. The eye of the West African Negro. Br J Ophthalmol. 1945; 29 (1): 12–9. doi:10.1136/bjo.29.1.12Scott JG. The eye of the West African Negro. Br J Ophthalmol. 1945; 29 (1): 12–9. doi:10.1136/bjo.29.1.12Musch DC, Gillespie BW, Niziol LM, Cashwell LF, Lichter PR, Collaborative Initial Glaucoma Treatment Study G. Factors associated with intraocular pressure before and during 9 years of treatment in the Collaborative Initial Glaucoma Treatment Study. Ophthalmology. 2008; 115 (6): 927–33. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2007.08.010Musch DC, Gillespie BW, Niziol LM, Cashwell LF, Lichter PR, Collaborative Initial Glaucoma Treatment Study G. Factors associated with intraocular pressure before and during 9 years of treatment in the Collaborative Initial Glaucoma Treatment Study. Ophthalmology. 2008; 115 (6): 927–33. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2007.08.010Hallaj S, Wong JC, Hock LE, et al. Long-term surgical outcomes of glaucoma drainage implants in eyes with preoperative intraocular pressure less than 19 mmHg. J Ophthalmol. 2024; 2024: 6624021. doi:10.1155/2024/6624021Hallaj S, Wong JC, Hock LE, et al. Long-term surgical outcomes of glaucoma drainage implants in eyes with preoperative intraocular pressure less than 19 mmHg. J Ophthalmol. 2024; 2024: 6624021. doi:10.1155/2024/6624021Yu DY, Morgan WH. Sun X, et al. The critical role of the conjunctiva in glaucoma filtration surgery. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2009; 28 (5): 303–28. doi:10.1016/j.preteyeres.2009.06.004Yu DY, Morgan WH. Sun X, et al. The critical role of the conjunctiva in glaucoma filtration surgery. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2009; 28 (5): 303–28. doi:10.1016/j.preteyeres.2009.06.004Baudouin C, Hamard P, Liang H, et al. Conjunctival epithelial cell expression of interleukins and inflammatory markers in glaucoma patients treated over the long term. Ophthalmology. 2004; 111(12): 2186–92. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2004.06.023Baudouin C, Hamard P, Liang H, et al. Conjunctival epithelial cell expression of interleukins and inflammatory markers in glaucoma patients treated over the long term. Ophthalmology. 2004; 111(12): 2186–92. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2004.06.023Baudouin C, Labbe A, Liang H, Pauly A, Brignole-Baudouin F. Preservatives in eyedrops: the good, the bad and the ugly. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2010; 29 (4): 312–34. doi:10.1016/j.preteyeres.2010.03.001Baudouin C, Labbe A, Liang H, Pauly A, Brignole-Baudouin F. Preservatives in eyedrops: the good, the bad and the ugly. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2010; 29 (4): 312–34. doi:10.1016/j.preteyeres.2010.03.001Baudouin C, Liang H, Hamard P, et al. The ocular surface of glaucoma patients treated over the long term expresses inflammatory markers related to both T-helper 1 and T-helper 2 pathways. Ophthalmology. 2008; 115 (1): 109–15. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2007.01.036Baudouin C, Liang H, Hamard P, et al. The ocular surface of glaucoma patients treated over the long term expresses inflammatory markers related to both T-helper 1 and T-helper 2 pathways. Ophthalmology. 2008; 115 (1): 109–15. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2007.01.036Baudouin C, Pisella PJ, Fillacier K, et al. Ocular surface inflammatory changes induced by topical antiglaucoma drugs: human and animal studies. Ophthalmology. 1999; 106 (3): 556–63. doi:10.1016/S0161-6420(99)90116-1Baudouin C, Pisella PJ, Fillacier K, et al. Ocular surface inflammatory changes induced by topical antiglaucoma drugs: human and animal studies. Ophthalmology. 1999; 106 (3): 556–63. doi:10.1016/S0161-6420(99)90116-1Broadway DC, Grierson I, Hitchings RA. Local effects of previous conjunctival incisional surgery and the subsequent outcome of filtration surgery. Am J Ophthalmol. 1998; 125 (6): 805–18. doi:10.1016/s0002-9394(98)00045-2Broadway DC, Grierson I, Hitchings RA. Local effects of previous conjunctival incisional surgery and the subsequent outcome of filtration surgery. Am J Ophthalmol. 1998; 125 (6): 805–18. doi:10.1016/s0002-9394(98)00045-2Broadway DC, Grierson I, O’Brien C, Hitchings RA. Adverse effects of topical antiglaucoma medication. II. The outcome of filtration surgery. Arch Ophthalmol. 1994; 112 (11): 1446–54. doi:10.1001/archopht.1994.01090230060021Broadway DC, Grierson I, O’Brien C, Hitchings RA. Adverse effects of topical antiglaucoma medication. II. The outcome of filtration surgery. Arch Ophthalmol. 1994; 112 (11): 1446–54. doi:10.1001/archopht.1994.01090230060021Mastropasqua L, Agnifili L, Mastropasqua R, Fasanella V. Conjunctival modifications induced by medical and surgical therapies in patients with glaucoma. Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2013; 13 (1): 56–64. doi:10.1016/j.coph.2012.10.002Mastropasqua L, Agnifili L, Mastropasqua R, Fasanella V. Conjunctival modifications induced by medical and surgical therapies in patients with glaucoma. Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2013; 13 (1): 56–64. doi:10.1016/j.coph.2012.10.002Villani E, Sacchi M, Magnani F, et al. The ocular surface in medically controlled glaucoma: An in vivo confocal study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2016; 5 7(3): 1003–10. doi:10.1167/iovs.15-17455Villani E, Sacchi M, Magnani F, et al. The ocular surface in medically controlled glaucoma: An in vivo confocal study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2016; 5 7(3): 1003–10. doi:10.1167/iovs.15-17455Ammar DA, Noecker RJ, Kahook MY. Effects of benzalkonium chloride-preserved, polyquad-preserved, and sofZia-preserved topical glaucoma medications on human ocular epithelial cells. Adv Ther. 2010; 27 (11): 837–45. doi:10.1007/s12325-010-0070-1Ammar DA, Noecker RJ, Kahook MY. Effects of benzalkonium chloride-preserved, polyquad-preserved, and sofZia-preserved topical glaucoma medications on human ocular epithelial cells. Adv Ther. 2010; 27 (11): 837–45. doi:10.1007/s12325-010-0070-1Epstein SP, Chen D, Asbell PA. Evaluation of biomarkers of inflammation in response to benzalkonium chloride on corneal and conjunctival epithelial cells. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther. 2009; 25 (5): 415–24. doi:10.1089/jop.2008.0140Epstein SP, Chen D, Asbell PA. Evaluation of biomarkers of inflammation in response to benzalkonium chloride on corneal and conjunctival epithelial cells. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther. 2009; 25 (5): 415–24. doi:10.1089/jop.2008.0140Noecker R. Effects of common ophthalmic preservatives on ocular health. Adv Ther. 2001; 18 (5): 205–15. doi:10.1007/BF02853166Noecker R. Effects of common ophthalmic preservatives on ocular health. Adv Ther. 2001; 18 (5): 205–15. doi:10.1007/BF02853166Pilat J, Przekora A, Wrobel-Dudzinska D, et al. Analysis of the impact of different schemes of preparation to trabeculectomy on the healing markers on the Tenon fibroblasts cultures. Sci Rep. 2023; 13 (1): 16353. doi:10.1038/s41598-023-43246-zPilat J, Przekora A, Wrobel-Dudzinska D, et al. Analysis of the impact of different schemes of preparation to trabeculectomy on the healing markers on the Tenon fibroblasts cultures. Sci Rep. 2023; 13 (1): 16353. doi:10.1038/s41598-023-43246-zInaba Z. Long-term results of trabeculectomy in the Japanese: an analysis by life-table method. Jpn J Ophthalmol. 1982; 26 (4): 361–73. PMID: 7166896Inaba Z. Long-term results of trabeculectomy in the Japanese: an analysis by life-table method. Jpn J Ophthalmol. 1982; 26 (4): 361–73. PMID: 7166896Broadway DC, Chang LP. Trabeculectomy, risk factors for failure and the preoperative state of the conjunctiva. J Glaucoma. 2001; 10 (3): 237–49. doi:10.1097/00061198-200106000-00017Broadway DC, Chang LP. Trabeculectomy, risk factors for failure and the preoperative state of the conjunctiva. J Glaucoma. 2001; 10 (3): 237–49. doi:10.1097/00061198-200106000-00017Watson PG, Grierson I. The place of trabeculectomy in the treatment of glaucoma. Ophthalmology. 1981; 88 (3): 175–96. doi:10.1016/s0161-6420(81)35051-9Watson PG, Grierson I. The place of trabeculectomy in the treatment of glaucoma. Ophthalmology. 1981; 88 (3): 175–96. doi:10.1016/s0161-6420(81)35051-9Schultz G, Khaw PT, Oxford K, et al. Growth factors and ocular wound healing. Eye (Lond). 1994; 8 (Pt 2): 184–187. doi:10.1038/eye.1994.43Schultz G, Khaw PT, Oxford K, et al. Growth factors and ocular wound healing. Eye (Lond). 1994; 8 (Pt 2): 184–187. doi:10.1038/eye.1994.43Steed DL. The role of growth factors in wound healing. Surg Clin North Am. 1997; 77 (3): 575–86. doi:10.1016/s0039-6109(05)70569-7Steed DL. The role of growth factors in wound healing. Surg Clin North Am. 1997; 77 (3): 575–86. doi:10.1016/s0039-6109(05)70569-7Joseph JP, Grierson I, Hitchings RA. Chemotactic activity of aqueous humor. A cause of failure of trabeculectomies? Arch Ophthalmol. 1989; 107 (1): 69–74. doi:10.1001/archopht.1989.01070010071030Joseph JP, Grierson I, Hitchings RA. Chemotactic activity of aqueous humor. A cause of failure of trabeculectomies? Arch Ophthalmol. 1989; 107 (1): 69–74. doi:10.1001/archopht.1989.01070010071030Inoue T, Kawaji T, Inatani M, et al. Simultaneous increases in multiple proinflammatory cytokines in the aqueous humor in pseudophakic glaucomatous eyes. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2012; 38 (8): 1389–97. doi:10.1016/j.jcrs.2012.04.028Inoue T, Kawaji T, Inatani M, et al. Simultaneous increases in multiple proinflammatory cytokines in the aqueous humor in pseudophakic glaucomatous eyes. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2012; 38 (8): 1389–97. doi:10.1016/j.jcrs.2012.04.028Radius RL, Herschler J, Claflin A, Fiorentino G. Aqueous humor changes after experimental filtering surgery. Am J Ophthalmol. 1980; 89 (2): 250–4. doi:10.1016/0002-9394(80)90119-1Radius RL, Herschler J, Claflin A, Fiorentino G. Aqueous humor changes after experimental filtering surgery. Am J Ophthalmol. 1980; 89 (2): 250–4. doi:10.1016/0002-9394(80)90119-1Herschler J. The effect of total vitrectomy on filtration surgery in the aphakic eye. Ophthalmology. 1981; 88 (3): 229–32. doi:10.1016/s0161-6420(81)35045-3Herschler J. The effect of total vitrectomy on filtration surgery in the aphakic eye. Ophthalmology. 1981; 88 (3): 229–32. doi:10.1016/s0161-6420(81)35045-3Herschler J. Medically uncontrolled glaucoma in the aphakic eye. Ann Ophthalmol. 1981 Aug; 13 (8): 909. PMID: 7294631.Herschler J. Medically uncontrolled glaucoma in the aphakic eye. Ann Ophthalmol. 1981 Aug; 13 (8): 909. PMID: 7294631.Susanna R, Jr, Nicolela MT, Takahashi WY. Mitomycin C as adjunctive therapy with glaucoma implant surgery. Ophthalmic Surg. 1994 Jul; 25 (7): 458–62. PMID: 7970517.Susanna R, Jr, Nicolela MT, Takahashi WY. Mitomycin C as adjunctive therapy with glaucoma implant surgery. Ophthalmic Surg. 1994 Jul; 25 (7): 458–62. PMID: 7970517.Karalekas DHA, Rosenberg L, Ruderman J, Krupin T. Effects of human glaucomatous and non-glaucomatous aqueous humor on fibroblast proliferation in vitro. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1994; 35 (4): 1898.Karalekas DHA, Rosenberg L, Ruderman J, Krupin T. Effects of human glaucomatous and non-glaucomatous aqueous humor on fibroblast proliferation in vitro. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1994; 35 (4): 1898.Chen KH, Wu CC, Roy S, Lee SM, Liu JH. Increased interleukin-6 in aqueous humor of neovascular glaucoma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1999 Oct; 40 (11): 2627–32. PMID: 10509659.Chen KH, Wu CC, Roy S, Lee SM, Liu JH. Increased interleukin-6 in aqueous humor of neovascular glaucoma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1999 Oct; 40 (11): 2627–32. PMID: 10509659.Costa L, Cunha JP, Amado D, Pinto LA, Ferreira J. Diabetes mellitus as a risk factor in glaucoma’s physiopathology and surgical survival time: A literature review. J Curr Glaucoma Pract. 2015; 9 (3): 81–5. doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10008-1190Costa L, Cunha JP, Amado D, Pinto LA, Ferreira J. Diabetes mellitus as a risk factor in glaucoma’s physiopathology and surgical survival time: A literature review. J Curr Glaucoma Pract. 2015; 9 (3): 81–5. doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10008-1190Law SK, Hosseini H, Saidi E, et al. Long-term outcomes of primary trabeculectomy in diabetic patients with primary open angle glaucoma. Br J Ophthalmol. 2013; 97 (5): 561–6. doi:10.1136/bjophthalmol-2012-302227Law SK, Hosseini H, Saidi E, et al. Long-term outcomes of primary trabeculectomy in diabetic patients with primary open angle glaucoma. Br J Ophthalmol. 2013; 97 (5): 561–6. doi:10.1136/bjophthalmol-2012-302227Mermoud A, Salmon JF, Straker C. Murray AD. Post-traumatic angle recession glaucoma: a risk factor for bleb failure after trabeculectomy. Br J Ophthalmol. 1993; 77 (10): 631–4. doi:10.1136/bjo.77.10.631Mermoud A, Salmon JF, Straker C. Murray AD. Post-traumatic angle recession glaucoma: a risk factor for bleb failure after trabeculectomy. Br J Ophthalmol. 1993; 77 (10): 631–4. doi:10.1136/bjo.77.10.631Laganowski HC, Kerr Muir MG, Hitchings RA. Glaucoma and the iridocorneal endothelial syndrome. Arch Ophthalmol. 1992; 110 (3): 346–50. doi:10.1001/archopht.1992.01080150044025Laganowski HC, Kerr Muir MG, Hitchings RA. Glaucoma and the iridocorneal endothelial syndrome. Arch Ophthalmol. 1992; 110 (3): 346–50. doi:10.1001/archopht.1992.01080150044025Daicker B, Sturrock G, Guggenheim R. Clinicopathologic correlation in Cogan-Reese syndrome. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd. 1982; 180 (6): 531–8. doi:10.1055/s-2008-1055140Daicker B, Sturrock G, Guggenheim R. Clinicopathologic correlation in Cogan-Reese syndrome. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd. 1982; 180 (6): 531–8. doi:10.1055/s-2008-1055140Wright MM, Grajewski AL, Cristol SM, Parrish RK. 5-Fluorouracil after trabeculectomy and the iridocorneal endothelial syndrome. Ophthalmology. 1991; 98 (3): 314–6. doi:10.1016/s0161-6420(91)32294-2Wright MM, Grajewski AL, Cristol SM, Parrish RK. 5-Fluorouracil after trabeculectomy and the iridocorneal endothelial syndrome. Ophthalmology. 1991; 98 (3): 314–6. doi:10.1016/s0161-6420(91)32294-2Broadway DC, Bates AK, Lightman SL, Grierson I, Hitchings RA. The importance of cellular changes in the conjunctiva of patients with uveitic glaucoma undergoing trabeculectomy. Eye (Lond). 1993; 7 (4): 495–501. doi:10.1038/eye.1993.108Broadway DC, Bates AK, Lightman SL, Grierson I, Hitchings RA. The importance of cellular changes in the conjunctiva of patients with uveitic glaucoma undergoing trabeculectomy. Eye (Lond). 1993; 7 (4): 495–501. doi:10.1038/eye.1993.108Towler HM, Bates AK, Broadway DC, Lightman S. Primary trabeculectomy with 5-fluorouracil for glaucoma secondary to uveitis. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 1995; 3 (3): 163–70. doi:10.3109/09273949509069109Towler HM, Bates AK, Broadway DC, Lightman S. Primary trabeculectomy with 5-fluorouracil for glaucoma secondary to uveitis. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 1995; 3 (3): 163–70. doi:10.3109/09273949509069109Elder MJ. The role of cytokines in chronic progressive conjunctival cicatrisation. Dev Ophthalmol. 1997; 28: 159–75. doi:10.1159/000060714Elder MJ. The role of cytokines in chronic progressive conjunctival cicatrisation. Dev Ophthalmol. 1997; 28: 159–75. doi:10.1159/000060714

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.