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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">helmholtzeyeinstitute</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский офтальмологический журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Ophthalmological Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-0076</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-5760</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Real time Publishers</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21516/2072-0076-2025-18-3-57-61</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">helmholtzeyeinstitute-1877</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Псевдомиопия и экранное время: оценка рефракции детей в возрасте 4–16 лет до и после циклоплегии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Pseudo-Myopia and Screen Time: A Pre and Post Cycloplegic Refractive Evaluation of Children age 4–16 years</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хан</surname><given-names>Саад Алам</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khan</surname><given-names>Saad Alam</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Саад Алам Хан — магистр здравоохранения, научный сотрудник</p><p>Джелум Роад, Равалпинди</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saad Alam Khan — MSPH, research assistant</p><p>Jhelum Road, Rawalpindi</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2901-0774</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шах</surname><given-names>Мутахир</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shah</surname><given-names>Mutahir</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мутахир Шах — оптометрист, бакалавр, Медицинский комплекс Авиценна, аспирант Университетский колледж Линкольна</p><p>G-9/1, Роад Саус, Исламабад, </p><p>Висма Линкольн, 4730, Петалинг Джая, Селангор Дарул Эхсан</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mutahir Shah — Optometrist, B.SC, Avicenna Medical Complex, PhD Scholar, Lincoln University College</p><p>G-9/1, Road South, Islamabad,</p><p>Wisma Lincoln, 4730, Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mshah@lincoln.edu.my</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Улла</surname><given-names>Саиф</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ullah</surname><given-names>Saif</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Саиф Уллах — аспирант, Пакистанский институт офтальмологии, глазная больница Аль-Шиф Траст, Джелум Роад, доцент кафедры медицинских наук, Университетский колледж Линкольна</p><p>Джелум Роад, Равалпинди,</p><p>Висма Линкольн, 4730, Петалинг Джая, Селангор Дарул Эхсан</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saif Ullah — PhD Scholar, Pakistan Institute of Ophthalmology, Al-Shifa Trust Eye Hospital, Jhelum Road, assistant professor, department of health sciences, Lincoln University College</p><p>Jhelum Road, Rawalpindi,</p><p>Wisma Lincoln, 4730, Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Али Хан</surname><given-names>Суфьян</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ali Khan</surname><given-names>Sufian</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Суфиан Али Хан — консультант-офтальмолог</p><p>G-9/1, Роад Саус, Исламабад</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sufian Ali Khan — Consultant ophthalmologist</p><p>G-9/1, Road South, Islamabad</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аббас</surname><given-names>Хасан</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Abbas</surname><given-names>Hassan</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Хасан Аббас — стажер последипломного образования</p><p>G-9/1, Роад Саус, Исламабад</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Hassan Abbas — Post Graduate Trainee</p><p>G-9/1, Road South, Islamabad</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кайюм</surname><given-names>Садаф</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Qayyum</surname><given-names>Sadaf</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Садаф Кайюм — аспирант</p><p>Джелум Роад, Равалпинди</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sadaf Qayyum — PhD Scholar</p><p>Jhelum Road, Rawalpindi</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Пакистанский институт офтальмологии, глазная больница Аль-Шиф Траст</institution><country>Пакистан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pakistan Institute of Ophthalmology, Al-Shifa Trust Eye Hospital</institution><country>Pakistan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Медицинский комплекс Авиценна;&#13;
Университетский колледж Линкольна</institution><country>Пакистан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Avicenna Medical Complex;&#13;
Lincoln University College</institution><country>Pakistan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Пакистанский институт офтальмологии, глазная больница Аль-Шиф Траст;&#13;
Университетский колледж Линкольна</institution><country>Пакистан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pakistan Institute of Ophthalmology, Al-Shifa Trust Eye Hospital;&#13;
Lincoln University College</institution><country>Pakistan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Медицинский комплекс Авиценна</institution><country>Пакистан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Avicenna Medical Complex</institution><country>Pakistan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>57</fpage><lpage>61</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Хан С.А., Шах М., Улла С., Али Хан С., Аббас Х., Кайюм С., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Хан С.А., Шах М., Улла С., Али Хан С., Аббас Х., Кайюм С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Khan S.A., Shah M., Ullah S., Ali Khan S., Abbas H., Qayyum S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://roj.igb.ru/jour/article/view/1877">https://roj.igb.ru/jour/article/view/1877</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель работы — оценить степень псевдомиопии на основе различия между манифестной и циклоплегической рефракцией у детей в возрасте 4–16 лет и исследовать взаимосвязь псевдомиопии и экранного времени в указанной популяции.</p><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Исследование включало 66 правых глаз детей, из них 48 % мальчиков и 52 % девочек, с манифестной рефракцией (М ± SD) –10,0 ± 3,4 дптр. Сравнительное поперечное исследование проведено в отделении офтальмологии больницы третичного уровня медицинской помощи в Исламабаде. Использовались последовательные нерандомизированные методы выборки. Продолжительность экранного времени в часах измерялась с помощью самоотчета или приложений для отслеживания экранного времени в смартфонах. Острота зрения (ОЗ) измерялась с помощью стандартной таблицы Log MAR. Преи постциклоплегическую (с использованием тропикамида 1 %) рефракцию определяли с помощью ретиноскопии и авторефрактометрии. Для сравнительной оценки рефракции до и после циклоплегии применялся парный t-тест, а также корреляционный анализ Пирсона.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Среднее экранное время составляло 5,6 ± 1,5 ч, активность на открытом воздухе — 50,6 ± 27,3 мин. ОЗ, составлявшая до циклоплегии 0,3 ± 0,3, после циклоплегии улучшилась до 0,05 ± 0,14 Log MAR. Средний сферический эквивалент рефракции до расширения зрачка составлял –4,1 ± 2,2 дптр, после расширения он изменился до 0,76 ± 0,8 дптр (p &lt; 0,01). Связь между экранным временем и псевдомиопией была статистически значимой (r = 0,41, p &lt; 0,001).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Увеличение экранного времени связано с псевдомиопией. Длительное воздействие экрана вызывает усиление псевдомиопии у детей с миопией слабой степени и гиперметропией.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Purpose</title><p>Purpose: to examine the magnitude of pseudo-myopia in relation to preand post-cycloplegic refractive status among individuals aged 4 to 16 years and to investigate the relationship of pseudo myopia and screen time in said population.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. Study included 66 subject’s right eyes of 48 % males, 52 % females aged 4–16 with mean and standard deviation of 10.0 ± 3.40. This comparative crosssectional study was conducted at the department of ophthalmology Tertiary Care Hospital, Islamabad. Consecutive non-randomized sampling techniques was adopted. Screen time duration in hours was measured using self-report or screen time tracking applications in smartphones. Visual acuity (VA) was measured with a standard Log MAR chart. Pre and post cycloplegic refraction with retinoscopy and Auto-refractometer were performed using Tropicamide 1 %. Paired t test was applied for pre and post cycloplegic refraction change, while Pearson correlational analysis was also calculated. Descriptive statistics were calculated using SPSS Version 21.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Average screen time was 5.6 ± 1.5 hours, outdoor activity was 50.6 ± 27.3 minutes. Pre-dilation VA improved from 0.3 ± 0.3 to 0.05 ± 0.14 log MAR post-dilation. The mean spherical equivalent refractive error in pre-dilation state was –4.1 ± 2.2 D, while in post-dilation it was 0.76 ± 0.8 D. The differences were significant (p&lt;0.01). A statistically significant relationship found between screen exposure time and pseudo-myopia (r=0.41, p&lt;0.001).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Increasing screen time is associated with pseudo-myopia. Prolonged screen exposure led to increased pseudo-myopia in low myopes and hyperopes.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Log-MAR</kwd><kwd>псевдомиопия</kwd><kwd>экранное время</kwd><kwd>острота зрения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Log-MAR</kwd><kwd>pseudo-myopia</kwd><kwd>screen exposure</kwd><kwd>visual acuity</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">García-Montero M, Felipe-Márquez G, Arriola-Villalobos P, Garzón N. Pseudo-myopia: a review. Vision. 2022 Mar 4; 6 (1): 17. https://doi.org/10.3390/vision6010017</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">García-Montero M, Felipe-Márquez G, Arriola-Villalobos P, Garzón N. Pseudo-myopia: a review. 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