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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">helmholtzeyeinstitute</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский офтальмологический журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Ophthalmological Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-0076</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-5760</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Real time Publishers</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21516/2072-0076-2025-18-3-102-109</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">helmholtzeyeinstitute-1885</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРИГЛАШАЕМ К ДИСКУССИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>DISCUSSIONS OF TOPICAL ISSUES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Новая теория рефрактогенеза и развития миопии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>A new theory of refractogenesis and development of myopia</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8763-7669</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Корниловский</surname><given-names>И. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kornilovskiy</surname><given-names>I. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Игорь Михайлович Корниловский — д-р мед. наук, профессор, профессор кафедры глазных болезней Института усовершенствования врачей</p><p>ул. Нижняя Первомайская, д. 70, Москва, 105203</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Igor M. Korinilovskiy — Dr. of Med. Sci., professor, professor of the chair of eye diseases, Institute for Advanced Medical Studies</p><p>70, Nizhnyaya Pervomayskaya St., Moscow, 105203</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kornilovsky51@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медико-хирургический центр им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.I. Pirogov National Medical and Surgical Center</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>102</fpage><lpage>109</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Корниловский И.М., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Корниловский И.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kornilovskiy I.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://roj.igb.ru/jour/article/view/1885">https://roj.igb.ru/jour/article/view/1885</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель работы — представить для обсуждения новую теорию влияния света, зрительных нагрузок и митогенетического излучения сетчатки на генетически запрограммированный код рефрактогенеза и развития миопии.</p><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Проанализированы исследования, посвященные экспериментальному моделированию осевой миопии, рефрактогенезу и теориям патогенеза близорукости. Собственный материал включал разноплановые исследования пациентов с миопией, которые проводились на протяжении более 50 лет.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В экспериментальных исследованиях был исключен наследственный фактор и установлено, что различные световые воздействия вызывают осевую миопию только у новорожденных и молодых особей. Однако неясным оставался механизм влияния световых фотонов на осевое удлинение глаза. В новой теории рефрактогенеза рассматриваются митогенетические поля роста в тканях глаза. Это поля слабого ультрафиолетового излучения в диапазоне 190–330 нм, образующиеся при репликации ДНК хромосом в ядрах клеток, деление которых стимулирует соматотропный гормон роста. Наиболее сильное митогенетическое поле формируется в сетчатке при гиперметропическом дефокусе световых лучей, которые проходят через все ее слои и максимально абсорбируются фоторецепторами. Это повышает активность митогенетического поля сетчатки, которое становится ведущим и предопределяет преимущественный рост заднего отдела глаза. Иридоциклохрусталиковый комплекс оптимизирует фокусировку световых лучей в фовеа, стимулирует гидродинамику и гемодинамику в глазу, что ослабляет митогенетическое поле сетчатки. Продолжительные напряжения аккомодации и конвергенции приводят к накоплению микродеформаций в склере, нарушают работу механочувствительных аквапоринов, трансмембранный обмен внутриглазной жидкости в тканях глаза и ее трансретинальный диализ, что усиливает митогенетический потенциал сетчатки.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. В постнатальном периоде видимый свет, гиперметропический дефокус световых лучей, продолжительные аккомодационные и конвергентные нагрузки усиливают митогенетическое поле сетчатки, что нарушает наследственный код рефрактогенеза, приводит к развитию и прогрессированию миопии.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Purpose</title><p>Purpose. To present for the discussion the new theory of the influence of light, visual loads and mitogenetic radiation of the retina on the genetically programmed code of refractogenesis and myopia development.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. Studies on experimental modeling of axial myopia, refractogenesis and theories of myopia pathogenesis were analyzed. Our own material included diverse studies of patients with myopia, which were conducted for more than 50 years.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. In experimental studies, the hereditary factor was excluded and it was established that various light effects cause axial myopia only in newborns and young individuals. However, the mechanism of the effect of light photons on the axial elongation of the eye remained unclear. The new theory of refractogenesis considers mitogenetic growth fields in eye tissues. These are fields of weak ultraviolet radiation in the range of 190–330 nm, formed during the replication of DNA chromosomes in the nuclei of cells, the division of which is stimulated by somatotropic growth hormone. The strongest mitogenetic field is formed in the retina with hyperopic defocus of light rays that pass through all its layers and are maximally absorbed by photoreceptors. This increases the activity of the mitogenetic field of the retina, which becomes the leading one and predetermines the preferential growth of the posterior part of the eye. The iridocyclocrystalline lens complex optimizes the focusing of light rays in the fovea, stimulates hydrodynamics and hemodynamics in the eye, which activates transretinal dialysis of intraocular fluid and weakens the mitogenetic field of the retina. Long-term accommodation and convergence stresses lead to the accumulation of microdeformations in the sclera, disrupt the work of mechanosensitive aquaporins, transmembrane exchange of intraocular fluid in the tissues of the eye and its transretinal dialysis, which enhances the mitogenetic potential of the retina.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. In the postnatal period, visible light, hyperopic defocus of light rays, prolonged accommodative and convergent loads enhance the mitogenetic field of the retina, which disrupts the hereditary code of refractogenesis, leading to the development and progression of myopia.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рефрактогенез</kwd><kwd>свет</kwd><kwd>гиперметропический дефокус</kwd><kwd>митогенетическое излучение</kwd><kwd>сетчатка</kwd><kwd>аккомодация</kwd><kwd>механочувствительные аквапорины</kwd><kwd>патогенез</kwd><kwd>миопия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>refractogenesis</kwd><kwd>light</kwd><kwd>hypermetropic defocus</kwd><kwd>mitogenetic radiation</kwd><kwd>retina</kwd><kwd>accommodation</kwd><kwd>mechanosensitive aquaporins</kwd><kwd>pathogenesis</kwd><kwd>myopia</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Иомдина Е.Н., Тарутта Е.П. 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