<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">helmholtzeyeinstitute</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский офтальмологический журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Ophthalmological Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-0076</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-5760</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Real time Publishers</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21516/2072-0076-2025-18-3-133-138</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">helmholtzeyeinstitute-1890</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Эхография слезной железы: исторические аспекты и возможности современных технологий</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Sonography of the lacrimal gland: historical aspects and possibilities of modern technologies</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Киселева</surname><given-names>Т. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kiseleva</surname><given-names>T. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Татьяна Николаевна Киселева — д-р мед. наук, профессор, начальник отдела ультразвуковых исследований</p><p>ул. Садовая-Черногрязская, д. 14/19, Москва, 105062</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatiana N. Kiseleva — Dr. of Med. Sci., professor, head of ultrasound department</p><p>14/19, Sadovaya-Chernogryazskaya St., Moscow, 105062</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зайцев</surname><given-names>М. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zaitsev</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Максим Сергеевич Зайцев — канд. мед. наук, научный сотрудник отдела ультразвуковых исследований</p><p>ул. Садовая-Черногрязская, д. 14/19, Москва, 105062</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maxim S. Zaitsev — Cand. of Med. Sci., researcher of ultrasound department</p><p>14/19, Sadovaya-Chernogryazskaya St., Moscow, 105062</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zaicev1549@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Луговкина</surname><given-names>К. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lugovkina</surname><given-names>K. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ксения Вадимовна Луговкина — канд. мед. наук, научный сотрудник отдела ультразвуковых исследований</p><p>ул. Садовая-Черногрязская, д. 14/19, Москва, 105062</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ksenija V. Lugovkina — Cand. of Med. Sci., researcher of ultrasound department</p><p>14/19, Sadovaya-Chernogryazskaya St., Moscow, 105062</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зайцева</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zaitseva</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алина Андреевна Зайцева — врач-офтальмолог взрослого консультативного поликлинического отделения</p><p>ул. Садовая-Черногрязская, д. 14/19, Москва, 105062</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alina A. Zaitseva — ophthalmologist of the adult advisory polyclinic department</p><p>14/19, Sadovaya-Chernogryazskaya St., Moscow, 105062</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «НМИЦ глазных болезней им. Гельмгольца» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>133</fpage><lpage>138</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Киселева Т.Н., Зайцев М.С., Луговкина К.В., Зайцева А.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Киселева Т.Н., Зайцев М.С., Луговкина К.В., Зайцева А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kiseleva T.N., Zaitsev M.S., Lugovkina K.V., Zaitseva A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://roj.igb.ru/jour/article/view/1890">https://roj.igb.ru/jour/article/view/1890</self-uri><abstract><p>В обзоре литературы обобщены данные отечественных и зарубежных исследований слезной железы (СЖ) с использованием различных методик эхографии (А-скан, В-режим, цветовое допплеровское картирование (ЦДК), трехмерная эхография). Несмотря на общепринятые стандарты применения компьютерной томографии и магнитно-резонансной томографии для визуализации орбитальных структур, наличие абсолютных и относительных противопоказаний ограничивает их использование. Ультразвуковые методы являются доступными, неинвазивными, обладают высокой информативностью для получения объективных параметров, необходимых для диагностики и оценки эффективности лечения патологии СЖ. Современные методы эхографии предоставляют важную информацию об анатомо-топографических и структурных характеристиках, биометрических показателях СЖ при различных патологических изменениях. С помощью ЦДК определяют не только особенности кровоснабжения СЖ и состояние кровотока в ретробульбарных сосудах, но и наличие или отсутствие васкуляризации новообразований железы. Комплексное ультразвуковое исследование, включающее В-режим, ЦДК, эходенситометрию, становится необходимым диагностическим методом при заболеваниях СЖ, позволяющим оптимизировать тактику лечения пациентов, а при планировании хирургического вмешательства — определить размеры и структуру патологического очага. Однако остаются дискуссионными вопросы о нормативных размерах СЖ у лиц разных возрастных групп и их изменениях при различных системных заболеваниях и патологии органа зрения. Требуется дальнейшее изучение сопоставимости результатов измерения СЖ различными методами визуализации.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The review summarizes the data of domestic and foreign studies of the lacrimal gland (LG) using various echography techniques (A-scan, B-mode, color Doppler mapping (CDM), three-dimensional echography). Despite the generally accepted standards of using computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging to visualize orbital structures, the presence of absolute and relative contraindications limits their use. Ultrasound methods are accessible, non-invasive, and highly informative for obtaining objective parameters necessary for diagnosis and evaluation of the effectiveness of treatment of LG pathology. Modern echography methods provide important information on the anatomical, topographic and structural characteristics, biometric indicators of the LG in various pathological changes. CDM is used to determine not only the features of the LG blood supply and the state of blood flow in the retrobulbar vessels, but also the presence or absence of vascularization of LG neoplasms. A comprehensive ultrasound examination, including B-mode, color Doppler imaging, and echodensitometry, is becoming a necessary diagnostic method for LG diseases, allowing for optimization of patient treatment tactics and, when planning surgical intervention, determining the size and structure of the pathological lesion. However, questions about the standard LG sizes in individuals of different age groups and their changes in various systemic diseases and pathologies of the visual organ remain controversial. Further study of the comparability of LG measurement results by various visualization methods is required.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>слезная железа</kwd><kwd>эхография</kwd><kwd>компьютерная томография</kwd><kwd>магнитно-резонансная томография</kwd><kwd>ультразвуковое исследование</kwd><kwd>В-режим</kwd><kwd>цветовое допплеровское картирование</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>lacrimal gland</kwd><kwd>echography</kwd><kwd>computer tomography</kwd><kwd>magnetic resonance imaging</kwd><kwd>ultrasound examination</kwd><kwd>B-mode</kwd><kwd>color Doppler imaging</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мустафаев А.С. Клиническая анатомия слезного аппарата. Международный студенческий научный вестник. 2019; 1: 46–58.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mustafaev A.S. Clinical anatomy of the lacrimal apparatus. Mezhdunarodnyi studencheskii nauchnyi vestnik. 2019; 1: 46–58 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Takahashi Y, Watanabe A, Matsuda H, et al. Anatomy of secretory glands in the eyelid and conjunctiva: a photographic review. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg. 2013; 29 (3): 215–9. doi: 10.1097/IOP.0b013e3182833dee</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Takahashi Y, Watanabe A, Matsuda H, et al. Anatomy of secretory glands in the eyelid and conjunctiva: a photographic review. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg. 2013; 29 (3): 215–9. doi: 10.1097/IOP.0b013e3182833dee</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mircheff AK. Lacrimal fluid and electrolyte secretion: a review. Curr Eye Res. 1989; 8 (6): 607–17. doi: 10.3109/02713688908995761</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mircheff AK. Lacrimal fluid and electrolyte secretion: a review. Curr Eye Res. 1989; 8 (6): 607–17. doi: 10.3109/02713688908995761</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dartt DA. Neural regulation of lacrimal gland secretory processes: relevance in dry eye diseases. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2009; 28 (3): 155–77. doi:10.1016/j.preteyeres.2009.04.003</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dartt DA. Neural regulation of lacrimal gland secretory processes: relevance in dry eye diseases. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2009; 28 (3): 155–77. doi:10.1016/j.preteyeres.2009.04.003</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Walcott B. The lacrimal gland and its veil of tears. News Physiol Sci. 1998; 13: 97–103. doi: 10.1152/physiologyonline.1998.13.2.97</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Walcott B. The lacrimal gland and its veil of tears. News Physiol Sci. 1998; 13: 97–103. doi: 10.1152/physiologyonline.1998.13.2.97</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Garg A, Zhang X. Lacrimal gland development: From signaling interactions to regenerative medicine. Dev Dyn. 2017; 246 (12): 970–80. doi: 10.1002/dvdy.24551</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Garg A, Zhang X. Lacrimal gland development: From signaling interactions to regenerative medicine. Dev Dyn. 2017; 246 (12): 970–80. doi: 10.1002/dvdy.24551</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Копаевa В.Г. Глазные болезни. Основы офтальмологии: учебник. Москва: Медицина; 2012.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kopaeva V.G. Eye diseases. Fundamentals of ophthalmology: textbook Moskva: Meditsina; 2012 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reese AB. The treatment of lesions of the lacrimal gland. Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol. 1958 Sep-Oct; 62 (5): 679–83. PMID: 13603478.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reese AB. The treatment of lesions of the lacrimal gland. Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol. 1958 Sep-Oct; 62 (5): 679–83. PMID: 13603478.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shields CL, Shields JA, Eagle RC, et al. Clinicopathologic review of 142 cases of lacrimal gland lesions. Ophthalmology. 1989 Apr; 96 (4): 431–5. doi: 10.1016/s0161-6420(89)32873-9</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shields CL, Shields JA, Eagle RC, et al. Clinicopathologic review of 142 cases of lacrimal gland lesions. Ophthalmology. 1989 Apr; 96 (4): 431–5. doi: 10.1016/s0161-6420(89)32873-9</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Andreoli MT, Aakalu V, Setabutr P. Epidemiological trends in malignant lacrimal gland tumors. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2015 Feb; 152 (2): 279–83. doi: 10.1177/0194599814556624</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Andreoli MT, Aakalu V, Setabutr P. Epidemiological trends in malignant lacrimal gland tumors. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2015 Feb; 152 (2): 279–83. doi: 10.1177/0194599814556624</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Яценко О.Ю., Тюрин И.Е. Возможности компьютерной томографии в диагностике эпителиальных образований слезной железы. Вестник рентгенологии и радиологии. 2018; 99 (3): 134–40.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yatsenko O.Yu., Tyurin I.E. Possibilities of computed tomography in the diagnosis of epithelial formations of the lacrimal gland. Vestnik rentgenologii i radiologii. 2018; 99 (3): 134–40 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Чепурина А.А., Свириденко Н.Ю., Ремизов О.В. и др. Визуализирующие методы исследования в диагностике эндокринной офтальмопатии. Медицинская визуализация. 2012; 1: 36–44</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chepurina A.A., Sviridenko N. Yu., Remizov O.V., et al. Imaging research methods in the diagnosis of endocrine ophthalmopathy. Meditsinskaya vizualizatsiya. 2012; 1: 36–44 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hughes GK, Miszkiel KA. Imaging of the lacrimal gland. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 2006; 27 (6): 476–91. doi: 10.1053/j.sult.2006.09.002</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hughes GK, Miszkiel KA. Imaging of the lacrimal gland. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 2006; 27 (6): 476–91. doi: 10.1053/j.sult.2006.09.002</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nawaz S, Lal S, Butt R, et al. Computed tomography evaluation of normal lacrimal gland dimensions in the adult Pakistani population. Cureus. 2020; 24: 12: 3: 7393. doi: 10.7759/cureus.7393</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nawaz S, Lal S, Butt R, et al. Computed tomography evaluation of normal lacrimal gland dimensions in the adult Pakistani population. Cureus. 2020; 24: 12: 3: 7393. doi: 10.7759/cureus.7393</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fletcher JG, Kofler JM, Coburn JA, et al. Perspective on radiation risk in CT imaging. Abdom Imaging. 2013 Feb; 38 (1): 22–31. doi: 10.1007/s00261-012-9933-z</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fletcher JG, Kofler JM, Coburn JA, et al. Perspective on radiation risk in CT imaging. Abdom Imaging. 2013 Feb; 38 (1): 22–31. doi: 10.1007/s00261-012-9933-z</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Любавска В., Белдовская Н.Ю., Новиков С.А. и др. Лучевые методы диагностики патологии слезоотводящих путей. Офтальмологические ведомости. 2017; 10 (3): 35–45. doi: 10.17816/OV10335-45</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lyubavska V., Beldovskaya N.Yu., Novikov S.A., et al. Radiation methods for diagnosing the pathology of the lacrimal ducts. Oftal’mologicheskie vedomosti. 2017; 10 (3): 35–45 (In Russ.). doi: 10.17816/OV10335-45</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hughes GK, Miszkiel KA. Imaging of the lacrimal gland. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 2006; 27 (6): 476–91. doi: 10.1053/j.sult.2006.09.002</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hughes GK, Miszkiel KA. Imaging of the lacrimal gland. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 2006; 27 (6): 476–91. doi: 10.1053/j.sult.2006.09.002</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gunduz K, Shields CL, Gunalp I, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging of unilateral lacrimal gland lesions. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2003 Nov; 241 (11): 907–13. doi: 10.1007/s00417-003-0748-z</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gunduz K, Shields CL, Gunalp I, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging of unilateral lacrimal gland lesions. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2003 Nov; 241 (11): 907–13. doi: 10.1007/s00417-003-0748-z</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nair JR, Syed R, Chan IYM, et al. The forgotten lacrimal gland and lacrimal drainage apparatus: pictorial review of CT and MRI findings and differential diagnosis. Br J Radiol. 2022; 95 (1135): 333. doi: 10.1259/bjr.20211333</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nair JR, Syed R, Chan IYM, et al. The forgotten lacrimal gland and lacrimal drainage apparatus: pictorial review of CT and MRI findings and differential diagnosis. Br J Radiol. 2022; 95 (1135): 333. doi: 10.1259/bjr.20211333</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Byrne SF. Standardized echography of the eye and orbit. Neuroradiology. 1986; 28 (5–6): 618–40. doi: 10.1007/BF00344110</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Byrne SF. Standardized echography of the eye and orbit. Neuroradiology. 1986; 28 (5–6): 618–40. doi: 10.1007/BF00344110</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ossoinig K. Die Ultraschalldiagnostik der Tumoren in der Augenhöhle. Albrecht von Graefes Arch Klin Ophthalmol. 1967; 172: 364–82. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02384796</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ossoinig K. Die Ultraschalldiagnostik der Tumoren in der Augenhöhle. Albrecht von Graefes Arch Klin Ophthalmol. 1967; 172: 364–82. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02384796</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Giovagnorio F, Pace F, Giorgi A. Sonography of lacrimal glands in Sjögren syndrome. J Ultrasound Med. 2000; 19: 8: 505–9. doi: 10.7863/jum.2000.19.8.505</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Giovagnorio F, Pace F, Giorgi A. Sonography of lacrimal glands in Sjögren syndrome. J Ultrasound Med. 2000; 19: 8: 505–9. doi: 10.7863/jum.2000.19.8.505</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ahuja AT, Metreweli C. Ultrasound features of Sjögren’s syndrome. Australas Radiol. 1996 Feb; 40 (1):10–4. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1673.1996.tb00336.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ahuja AT, Metreweli C. Ultrasound features of Sjögren’s syndrome. Australas Radiol. 1996 Feb; 40 (1):10–4. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1673.1996.tb00336.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yang T, Delli K, Coumou AD, et al. The lacrimal gland in Sjögren’s syndrome: can we unravel its mystery using ultrasound? Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2022; 40 (12): 2428–33. doi: 10.55563/clinexprheumatol/z1lzb1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yang T, Delli K, Coumou AD, et al. The lacrimal gland in Sjögren’s syndrome: can we unravel its mystery using ultrasound? Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2022; 40 (12): 2428–33. doi: 10.55563/clinexprheumatol/z1lzb1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Харлап С.И. Сосудистая архитектоника глаза и орбитального пространства в цветовом отображении энергии допплеровского спектра. Вестник офтальмологии. 1999; 115 (4): 30–3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kharlap S.I. Vascular architectonics of the eye and orbital space in color display of Doppler spectrum energy. Vestnik oftal’mologii. 1999; 115 (4): 30–3 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Аветисов С.Э., Харлап С.И., Маркосян А.Г. Ультразвуковой пространственный клинический анализ орбитальной части слезной железы в норме. Вестник офтальмологии. 2006; 122 (6): 14–6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Avetisov S.E., Kharlap S.I., Markosyan A.G. Ultrasound spatial clinical analysis of the orbital part of the lacrimal gland in the norm. Vestnik oftal’mologii. 2006; 122 (6): 14–6 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Харлап С.И., Насникова И.Ю., Маркосян А.Г. и др. Особенности строения слезной железы в норме и при патологии по результатам пространственного ультразвукового цифрового исследования. Вестник офтальмологии. 2011; 127 (4): 16–24.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kharlap S.I., Nasnikova I.Yu., Markosyan A.G., et al. Structural features of the lacrimal gland in normal and pathological conditions according to the results of spatial ultrasound digital examination. Vestnik oftal’mologii. 2011; 127 (4): 16–24 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Эксаренко О.В., Харлап С.И., Сафонова Т.Н. и др. Изменения слезной железы при саркоидозе по результатам пространственного ультразвукового цифрового исследования. Вестник офтальмологии. 2013; 129 (1): 10–5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Eksarenko O. V., Kharlap S. I., Safonova T. N., et al. Changes in the lacrimal gland in sarcoidosis according to the results of spatial ultrasound digital examination. Vestnik oftal’mologii. 2013; 129 (1): 10–5 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сафонова Т.Н., Харлап С.И., Эксаренко О.В. и др. Изменения слезных желез и тканей орбиты при IgGA-связанном заболевании по данным ультразвукового исследования. Точка зрения. Восток — Запад. 2017: 3: 86–9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Safonova T.N., Kharlap S.I., Eksarenko O.V., et al. Changes in the lacrimal glands and tissues of the orbit in IgGA-related disease according to ultrasound. Tochka zreniya. Vostok — Zapad. 2017: 3: 86–9 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Guidance for Industry and FDA staff/ Information for Manufacturers Seeking Marketing Clearance of Diagnostic Ultrasound Systems and Transducers (Appendix от 30.09.97 E). Silver Spring; 2008. https://www.fda.gov/regulatory-information/search-fda-guidance-documents/marketing-clearance-diagnostic-ultrasound-systems-and-transducers</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guidance for Industry and FDA staff/ Information for Manufacturers Seeking Marketing Clearance of Diagnostic Ultrasound Systems and Transducers (Appendix от 30.09.97 E). Silver Spring; 2008. https://www.fda.gov/regulatory-information/search-fda-guidance-documents/marketing-clearance-diagnostic-ultrasound-systems-and-transducers</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Киселева Т.Н., Луговкина К.В., Зайцев М.С. Способ ультразвукового исследования слезной железы. Патент № 2759385, 2021.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kiseleva T.N., Lugovkina K.V., Zaitsev M.S. The method of ultrasound examination of the lacrimal gland. Patent RF N 2759385, 2021 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yılmaz H, Güneş İB. Evaluation of main lacrimal gland through shear-wave ultrasound elastography in patients with low Schirmer value. Curr Med Imaging. 2023: 8. doi: 10.2174/1573405620666230608091854</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yılmaz H, Güneş İB. Evaluation of main lacrimal gland through shear-wave ultrasound elastography in patients with low Schirmer value. Curr Med Imaging. 2023: 8. doi: 10.2174/1573405620666230608091854</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Świecka M, Paluch Ł, Pietruski P, et al. Applicability of shear wave elastography for lacrimal gland evaluation in primary Sjögren syndrome. Pol Arch Intern Med. 2023; 133 (2): 16397. doi: 10.20452/pamw.16397</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Świecka M, Paluch Ł, Pietruski P, et al. Applicability of shear wave elastography for lacrimal gland evaluation in primary Sjögren syndrome. Pol Arch Intern Med. 2023; 133 (2): 16397. doi: 10.20452/pamw.16397</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
