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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">helmholtzeyeinstitute</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский офтальмологический журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Ophthalmological Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-0076</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-5760</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Real time Publishers</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21516/2072-0076-2025-18-4-47-56</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">helmholtzeyeinstitute-1954</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>CRB1-ассоциированные ретинопатии: клинические характеристики и молекулярно-генетические особенности в российской популяции</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>CRB1-associated retinopathy: clinical characteristics and molecular genetic features in the Russian population</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7264-396X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зольникова</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zolnikova</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Инна Владимировна Зольникова — д-р мед. наук, старший научный сотрудник отдела клинической физиологии зрения им. С.В. Кравкова, ФГБУ «НМИЦ глазных болезней им. Гельмгольца» Минздрава России, профессор кафедры офтальмогенетики Института ВиДПО, ФГБНУ «Медико-генетический научный центр им. академика Н.П. Бочкова»</p><p>ул. Садовая-Черногрязская, д. 14/19, Москва, 105062, </p><p>ул. Москворечье, д. 1, Москва, 115522</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Inna V. Zolnikova — Dr. of Med. Sci., senior researcher of department of the clinical physiology of vision, Helmholtz National Medical Research Center, professor of chair of ophthalmogenetics, Research Center for Medical Genetics</p><p>14/19, SadovayaChernogryazskaya St., Moscow, 105062, </p><p>Moskvorechye St.1, Moscow, 115522</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">innzolnikova@hotmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3553-9896</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Милаш</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Milash</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сергей Викторович Милаш — канд. мед. наук, старший научный сотрудник отдела патологии рефракции, бинокулярного зрения и офтальмоэргономики</p><p>ул. Садовая-Черногрязская, д. 14/19, Москва, 105062</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey V. Milash — Cand. of Med. Sci., senior research, department of refraction pathology, binocular vision and ophthalmoergonomics</p><p>14/19, SadovayaChernogryazskaya St., Moscow, 105062</p><p> </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4905-1303</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щагина</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shagina</surname><given-names>О. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ольга Анатольевна Щагина — д-р мед. наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, заведующая лабораторией ДНК-диагностики</p><p>ул. Москворечье, д. 1, Москва, 115522</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga A. Shchagina — Dr. of Med. Sci., head of the laboratory of molecular genetic testing</p><p>Moskvorechye St.1, Moscow, 115522</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Егорова</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Egorova</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ирина Викторовна Егорова — канд. мед. наук, заведующая отделением электрофизиологической и психофизической диагностики зрительной системы</p><p>ул. Садовая-Черногрязская, д. 14/19, Москва, 105062</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina V. Egorova  —  Cand.  of  Med.  Sci.,  head  of  the  department of electrophysiological an phsycophisical diagnostics of visual system</p><p>14/19, SadovayaChernogryazskaya St., Moscow, 105062</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пак</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pak</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Наталья Владимировна Пак — канд. мед. наук, заведующая взрослым консультативно-поликлиническим отделением</p><p>ул. Садовая-Черногрязская, д. 14/19, Москва, 105062</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia V. Pak — Cand. of  Med.  Sci.,  head  of  adult  consulting and polyclinic department</p><p>14/19, SadovayaChernogryazskaya St., Moscow, 105062</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Уракова</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Urakova</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Наталья Александровна Уракова — канд. мед. наук, врач-офтальмолог взрослого консультативно-поликлинического отделения</p><p>ул. Садовая-Черногрязская, д. 14/19, Москва, 105062</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia A. Urakova — Cand. of Med. Sci., ophthalmologist, adult consulting and polyclinic department</p><p>14/19, SadovayaChernogryazskaya St., Moscow, 105062</p><p> </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Еремеева</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Eremeeva</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Екатерина Александровна Еремеева — канд. мед. наук, врач-офтальмолог взрослого консультативно-поликлинического отделения</p><p>ул. Садовая-Черногрязская, д. 14/19, Москва, 105062</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina A. Eremeeva — Cand. of Med. Sci., opthlalmologist, adult consulting and polyclinic department</p><p>14/19, SadovayaChernogryazskaya St., Moscow, 105062</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фатуллоева</surname><given-names>Н. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fatulloeva</surname><given-names>N. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Наргис Файзуллоевна Фатуллоева — канд. мед. наук, врач-офтальмолог взрослого консультативно-поликлинического отделения</p><p>ул. Садовая-Черногрязская, д. 14/19, Москва, 105062</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nargiz F. Fatulloeva — Cand. of Med. Sci., opthlalmologist, adult consulting and polyclinic department</p><p>14/19, SadovayaChernogryazskaya St., Moscow, 105062</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Егорова</surname><given-names>Е. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Egorova</surname><given-names>E. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Елена Николаевна Егорова — канд. мед. наук, врач-офтальмолог взрослого консультативно-поликлинического отделения</p><p>ул. Садовая-Черногрязская, д. 14/19, Москва, 105062</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena N. Egorova — Cand. of Med. Sci., opthlalmologist, adult consulting and polyclinic department</p><p>14/19, SadovayaChernogryazskaya St., Moscow, 105062</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Толстик</surname><given-names>С. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tolstik</surname><given-names>S. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Светлана Ивановна Толстик — канд. мед. наук, врач-офтальмолог взрослого консультативно-поликлинического отделения</p><p>ул. Садовая-Черногрязская, д. 14/19, Москва, 105062</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana I. Tolstik — Cand. of Med. Sci., opthlalmologist, adult consulting and polyclinic department</p><p>14/19, SadovayaChernogryazskaya St., Moscow, 105062</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванова</surname><given-names>М. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanova</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Маргарита Сергеевна Иванова — врач-офтальмолог детского консультативно-поликлинического отделения</p><p>ул. Садовая-Черногрязская, д. 14/19, Москва, 105062</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Margarita S. Ivanova — opthlalmologist, children consulting and polyclinic department</p><p>14/19, SadovayaChernogryazskaya St., Moscow, 105062</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хатагова</surname><given-names>З. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khatagova</surname><given-names>Z. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Залина Руслановна Хатагова — врач-офтальмолог взрослого консультативно-поликлинического отделения</p><p>ул. Садовая-Черногрязская, д. 14/19, Москва, 105062</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zalina R. Khatagova — opthlalmologist, adult consulting and polyclinic department</p><p>14/19, SadovayaChernogryazskaya St., Moscow, 105062</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Беляев</surname><given-names>Д. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belyaev</surname><given-names>D. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дмитрий Сергеевич Беляев — врач-офтальмолог взрослого консультативно-поликлинического отделения</p><p>ул. Садовая-Черногрязская, д. 14/19, Москва, 105062</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry S. Belyaev — opthlalmologist, adult consulting and polyclinic department</p><p>14/19, SadovayaChernogryazskaya St., Moscow, 105062</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «НМИЦ глазных болезней им. Гельмгольца» Минздрава России;&#13;
ФГБНУ «Медико-генетический научный центр им. академика Н.П. Бочкова»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Helmholtz National Medical Research Center;&#13;
Research Center for Medical Genetics</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «НМИЦ глазных болезней им. Гельмгольца» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Helmholtz National Medical Research Center</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Медико-генетический научный центр им. академика Н.П. Бочкова»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Center for Medical Genetics</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>47</fpage><lpage>56</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Зольникова И.В., Милаш С.В., Щагина О.А., Егорова И.В., Пак Н.В., Уракова Н.А., Еремеева Е.А., Фатуллоева Н.Ф., Егорова Е.Н., Толстик С.И., Иванова М.С., Хатагова З.Р., Беляев Д.С., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Зольникова И.В., Милаш С.В., Щагина О.А., Егорова И.В., Пак Н.В., Уракова Н.А., Еремеева Е.А., Фатуллоева Н.Ф., Егорова Е.Н., Толстик С.И., Иванова М.С., Хатагова З.Р., Беляев Д.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zolnikova I.V., Milash S.V., Shagina О.A., Egorova I.V., Pak N.V., Urakova N.A., Eremeeva E.A., Fatulloeva N.F., Egorova E.N., Tolstik S.I., Ivanova M.S., Khatagova Z.R., Belyaev D.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://roj.igb.ru/jour/article/view/1954">https://roj.igb.ru/jour/article/view/1954</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель работы — выявить спектр фенотипов и генотипов в гене CRB1 в когорте российских пациентов.</p><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Проведено проспективное когортное исследование группы из 7 пациентов в возрасте от 5 до 38 лет из 6 семей с патогенными вариантами в гене CRB1. Клиническое обследование включало определение максимально корригируемой остроты зрения, рефракции, поля зрения по Гольдману, биомикроскопию с помощью щелевой лампы, фотографию глазного дна, аутофлюоресценцию глазного дна и оптическую когерентную томографию. У всех пациентов проводили электрофизиологическое, а также молекулярно-генетическое исследование (секвенирование последнего поколения — панель «Наследственные заболевания сетчатки»).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Выявлено 7 различных фенотипов CRB1-ассоциированных ретинопатий. У всех пациентов обнаружены компаунд-гетерозиготные патогенные варианты в гене CRB1. Из 11 обнаруженных патогенных вариантов только три: (c.2843G&gt;A, p.Cys948Tyr), c.2536G&gt;A(p.Gly846Arg21) и (c.2308G&gt;A, p.Gly770Ser) — описаны в других популяциях. Впервые выявленные патогенные варианты в гене CRB1 включали 8 новых, ранее не описанных: 3 миссенс-замены: c.1042T&gt;C (p.Cys348Arg), c.2480G&gt;T (p.Gly827Val), c.29T&gt;C (p.Leu10Pro) — и 5 нонсенс-мутаций: c.1492delA(p.Ser498Valfs*4), c.2238delT( p.Gln747Asnfs*7), c.624T&gt;G (p.Tyr208*), c.222C&gt;A (p.Cys74*), с.1660del (p.Val554Cysfs*19), что указывает на особенности российской популяции. Миссенсмутации c.2480G&gt;T (Gly827Glu) и c.2536G&gt;A (p.Gly846Arg), (c.2308G&gt;A, p.(Gly770Ser), а также нонсенс-мутация c.2238delT (p.Gln747Asnfs*7) выявлены в «горячем» 7-м экзоне гена CRB1, в котором нами также выявлено больше всего мутаций. Патогенный вариант c.222C&gt;A p.Cys74* встречался у 3 из 7 пациентов, 2 из них сибсы.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Когорта российских пациентов с CRB1-ассоциированной ретинопатией продемонстрировала широкий спектр фенотипов дистрофий сетчатки, включающий ВАЛ 8-го типа с гипоплазией фовеа без кистозного макулярного отека (КМО) и с КМО, дистрофию сетчатки с ранним началом, ранний пигментный ретинит (ПР) 12-го типа с друзами диска зрительного нерва и без, ПР 12-го типа с костными тельцами и атрофией наружных слоев парафовельной сетчатки, коатсоподобную экссудативную васкулопатию с КМО, ПР с сохранением параартериолярного пигментного эпителия сетчатки (PPRPE). Выявлены новые молекулярно-генетические характеристики у российских пациентов с CRB1-ассоциированными наследственными дистрофиями сетчатки.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Purpose</title><p>Purpose: to reveal the phenotype and genotype spectrum in cohort of patients with CRB1-associated retinal degeneration from Russian pathogenic variants.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. A prospective cohort study was conducted on 7 patients aged 5 to 38 years from 6 families with CRB1 gene mutations. Clinical examination included best-corrected visual acuity, refraction, Goldmann visual field, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, fundus photography, fundus autofluorescence, and optical coherence tomography. All patients underwent electrophysiological and molecular genetic testing (last-generation sequencing — “Hereditary Retinal Diseases” panel).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. We revealed 7 different phenotypes of CRB1-associated retinopathies. In all patients compound — heterozygous pathogenic variants in CRB1 genes were found. Among 11 pathogenic variants only three: c.2843G&gt;A, (p.Cys948Tyr), c.2536G&gt;A(p.Gly846Arg21) and c.2308G&gt;A, (p.Gly770Ser) were described on other populations. Pathological sequences in CRB1 gene included 8 previously not described (3 missense: c.1042T&gt;C  (p.Cys348Arg),  c.2480G&gt;T  (p.Gly827Val), c.29T&gt;C (p.Leu10Pro) и 5 nonsense: c.1492delA (p.Ser498Valfs*4), c.2238delT (p.Gln747Asnfs*7), c.624T&gt;G (p.Tyr208*), c.222C&gt;A (p.Cys74*), с.1660del (p.Val554Cysfs*19), which points out the features of Russian population. Missense mutations: c.2308G&gt;A (p.Gly770Ser), c.2480G&gt;T (Gly827Glu) and c.2536G&gt;A (p.Gly846Arg), as well as nonsense mutation c.2238delT (p.Gln747Asnfs*7) are located in “hot” 7 exon of CRB1 gene, in which we also found the biggest number of pathogenic variants. Mutation c.222C&gt;A (p.Cys74*) was found in 3 of 7 patients, 2 of whom were siblings.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. Cohort of Russian patients with CRB1-associated retinopathy demonstrated wide-spectrum phenotypes of inherited retinal dystrophies, including Leber congenital amaurosis type 8, early onset retinal dystrophy, early onset retinitis pigmentosa (RP) type 12 with or without optic nerve drusen, RP of 12 type with bone spicules and atrophy of the outer layers of parafoveal retina, Coats’ like exudative vasculopathy with cystoid macula oedema, RP with paraarteriolar preservation of retinal pigment epithelium (PPRPE). New molecular genetic characteristics in patients from the Russian population with CRB1-associated inherited retinal dystrophies were revealed.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>CRB1</kwd><kwd>врожденный амавроз Лебера</kwd><kwd>тяжелая дистрофия сетчатки с ранним началом</kwd><kwd>пигментный ретинит</kwd><kwd>наследственная дистрофия сетчатки</kwd><kwd>коатсоподобная васкулопатия</kwd><kwd>электроретинография</kwd><kwd>аутофлуоресценция глазного дна</kwd><kwd>оптическая когерентная томография</kwd><kwd>генная терапия</kwd><kwd>фенотип</kwd><kwd>генотип</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>CRB1</kwd><kwd>Leber congenital amaurosis</kwd><kwd>early onset severe retinal dystrophy</kwd><kwd>retinitis pigmentosa</kwd><kwd>inherited retinal dystrophy</kwd><kwd>Coats-like vasculopathy</kwd><kwd>electroretinography</kwd><kwd>fundus autofluorescence</kwd><kwd>optical coherent tomography</kwd><kwd>gene therapy</kwd><kwd>phenotype</kwd><kwd>genotype</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Нероев В.В., Шамшинова А.М. 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