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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">helmholtzeyeinstitute</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский офтальмологический журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Ophthalmological Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-0076</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-5760</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Real time Publishers</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21516/2072-0076-2025-18-4-157-163</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">helmholtzeyeinstitute-1970</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Консерванты в глазных каплях. Мифы и реальности</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Preservatives in eye drops. Myths and realities</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7361-0270</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бржеский</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Brzheskiy</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Владимир Всеволодович Бржеский — д-р мед. наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой офтальмологии</p><p>ул. Литовская, д. 2, Санкт-Петербург, 194100</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir V. Brzheskiy — Dr. of Med. Sci., professor, head of chair of ophthalmology</p><p>2, Litovskaya St., SaintPetersburg, 194100</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vvbrzh@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7621-4019</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ким</surname><given-names>Г. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kim</surname><given-names>G. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Герман Геннадьевич Ким — аспирант кафедры офтальмологии</p><p>ул. Литовская, д. 2, Санкт-Петербург, 194100</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>German G. Kim — PhD student, chair of ophthalmology</p><p>2, Litovskaya St., SaintPetersburg, 194100</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мунавар</surname><given-names>Алдахруж</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Munawar</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алдахруж Мунавар — аспирант кафедры офтальмологии</p><p>ул. Литовская, д. 2, Санкт-Петербург, 194100</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aldahruz Munawar — PhD student, chair of ophthalmology</p><p>2, Litovskaya St., SaintPetersburg, 194100</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>157</fpage><lpage>163</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бржеский В.В., Ким Г.Г., Мунавар А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бржеский В.В., Ким Г.Г., Мунавар А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Brzheskiy V.V., Kim G.G., Munawar A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://roj.igb.ru/jour/article/view/1970">https://roj.igb.ru/jour/article/view/1970</self-uri><abstract><p>Консерванты глазных капель служат их важным ингредиентом, позволяющим предотвратить микробную контаминацию препарата и применять его в открытом флаконе длительное время. Наиболее часто в рассматриваемых целях используются четвертичные аммониевые соединения — хлорид бензалкония, хлорид цетримония и др. Нашли также применение хлорбутанол, хлоргексидин, тимеросал, метилпарабен, перборат натрия и др. Многочисленные исследования свидетельствуют об эффективности и относительной безопасности глазных капель, содержащих консервант в допустимой дозировке. К тому же имеются сведения о способности консервантов увеличивать проникновение внутрь глаза лекарственных препаратов. Вместе с тем определенная токсичность перечисленных консервантов служит ограничением к их широкому использованию, особенно у больных с деструктивной патологией роговицы, при ношении контактных линз и др. В этой связи разработаны консерванты, имеющие достаточную антимикробную активность «во флаконе», при отсутствии токсичности для тканей глазной поверхности, в том числе из-за их распада до биологически инертных соединений в конъюнктивальной полости (под влиянием физических факторов, ферментов слезной жидкости и др.): поликвад, оксид, пурит, окупур, софзия, генаква и др. Ряд глазных капель сегодня изготавливают и вовсе без консервантов (благодаря специальной конструкции флаконов или использованию монодозных тюбик-капельниц). Как показывает клиническая практика, бесконсервантные препараты, безусловно, предпочтительны в следующих ситуациях: 1) наличие у пациента синдрома сухого глаза или его развитие на фоне применения капель с консервантами; 2) дистрофические или иные заболевания роговицы или конъюнктивы; 3) повышенная чувствительность глазной поверхности; 4) необходимость в ношении мягких контактных линз.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Preservatives in eye drops are an important ingredient that helps prevent microbial contamination of the drug and allow it to be used in an open bottle for a long time. Quaternary ammonium compounds are most often used for the purposes in question — benzalkonium chloride, cetrimonium chloride, etc. Chlorobutanol, chlorhexidine, thimerosal, methylparaben, sodium perborate, etc. have also found application. Numerous studies indicate the effectiveness and relative safety of eye drops containing a preservative in an acceptable dosage. In addition, there is information about the ability of preservatives to increase the penetration of drugs into the eye. At the same time, a certain toxicity of the listed preservatives serves as a limitation to their widespread use, especially in patients with destructive corneal pathology, when wearing contact lenses, etc. In this regard, preservatives have been developed that have sufficient antimicrobial activity “in a bottle”, in the absence of toxicity for the tissues of the ocular surface, including due to their decay to biologically inert compounds in the conjunctival cavity (under  the influence of physical factors, enzymes of the lacrimal fluid, etc.): polyquad, oxide, purit, ocupur, SofZia, GenAqua, etc. A number of eye drops are now manufactured without preservatives at all (due to the special design of bottles or the use of single use dropper tubes). As clinical practice shows, preservative-free drugs are certainly preferable in the following situations: 1) the presence of dry eye syndrome in the patient or its development against the background of the use of drops with preservatives; 2) dystrophic or other diseases of the cornea or conjunctiva; 3) increased sensitivity of the ocular surface; 4) the need to wear soft contact lenses.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>консерванты глазных капель</kwd><kwd>токсичность</kwd><kwd>синдром сухого глаза</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>eye drop preservatives</kwd><kwd>toxicity</kwd><kwd>dry eye syndrome</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baudouin C, Labb A, Liang H, Pauly A, Brignole-Baudouin F. Preservatives in eyedrops: the good, the bad and the ugly. 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