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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">helmholtzeyeinstitute</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский офтальмологический журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Ophthalmological Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-0076</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-5760</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Real time Publishers</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21516/2072-0076-2026-19-1-179-184</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">helmholtzeyeinstitute-2066</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Особенности ремоделирования сетчатки при ее физиологическом старении и возрастной макулярной дегенерации</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Features of retina remodeling during its physiological aging and age-related macular degeneration</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0161-5010</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зуева</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zueva</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Марина Владимировна Зуева — д-р биол. наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник, начальник отдела клинической физиологии зрения им. С.В. Кравкова</p><p>ул. Садовая-Черногрязская, д. 14/19, Москва, 105062</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marina V. Zueva —Dr. of Biol. Sci., professor, principal researcher, head of the department of clinical physiology of vision named after S.V. Kravkov</p><p>14/19, Sadovaya-Chernogryazskaya, Moscow, 105062</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">visionlab@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4675-9648</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Котелин</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kotelin</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Владислав Игоревич Котелин — канд. мед. наук, старший научный сотрудник отдела клинической физиологии зрения им. С.В. Кравкова</p><p>ул. Садовая-Черногрязская, д. 14/19, Москва, 105062</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladislav I. Kotelin — Cand. of Med. Sci., senior researcher, department of clinical physiology of vision named after S.V. Kravkov</p><p>14/19, Sadovaya-Chernogryazskaya, Moscow, 105062</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1038-2746</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нероева</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Neroeva</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Наталия Владимировна Нероева — д-р мед. наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, начальник отдела патологии сетчатки и зрительного нерва</p><p>ул. Садовая-Черногрязская, д. 14/19, Москва, 105062</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia V. Neroeva — Dr. of Med. Sci., leading researcher, head of the department of pathology of the retina and optic nerve</p><p>14/19, Sadovaya-Chernogryazskaya, Moscow, 105062</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «НМИЦ глазных болезней им. Гельмгольца» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>179</fpage><lpage>184</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Зуева М.В., Котелин В.И., Нероева Н.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Зуева М.В., Котелин В.И., Нероева Н.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zueva M.V., Kotelin V.I., Neroeva N.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://roj.igb.ru/jour/article/view/2066">https://roj.igb.ru/jour/article/view/2066</self-uri><abstract><p>Старение является главным фактором риска развития всех возраст-ассоциированных заболеваний центральной нервной системы и сетчатки, таких как возрастная макулярная дегенерация (ВМД) и глаукома. Отсутствие эффективных методов лечения этих заболеваний в определенной степени связано с недостаточным пониманием влияния нормального физиологического старения на ремоделирование нейронных сетей, которое отражает адаптивную нейропластичность и направлено на сохранение и поддержание нормальной функции нейронов стареющей сетчатки, а также различий в признаках ремоделирования сетчатки при нормальном и патологическом старении. Характерным признаком старения являются тонкие пластические изменения, реструктурирование связей между нейронами в наружной сетчатке и ослабление функциональной активности сетчатки, зависящей от структуры нейронных сетей. Во внутренней сетчатке локализация контактов биполярных клеток с амакриновыми и ганглиозными клетками не изменяется, однако с возрастом происходит упрощение и сужение дендритных ветвлений у большинства ганглиозных клеток сетчатки. Ремоделирование контактов нейронов в глазах с ВМД отличается от нормально стареющей сетчатки степенью выраженности нейропластических изменений, бурным ростом и ремоделированием дендритного ветвления биполярных клеток и формированием множества тангенциальных контактов, которые обеспечивают соединение дендритов биполяров с отдаленными фоторецепторами. В продвинутых стадиях ВМД и других возрастных заболеваний на структурное ремоделирование сетчатки существенно влияют клеточные потери (фоторецепторов и других нейронов сетчатки), обрыв и упрощение ветвления дендритов, модификация отростков глиальных клеток Мюллера и ослабление их функционального симбиоза с нейронами сетчатки.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Aging is the main risk factor for the development of all age-associated diseases of the central nervous system and retina, such as agerelated macular degeneration (AMD) and glaucoma. The lack of effective treatments for these diseases is partly due to a lack of understanding of the impact of normal physiological aging on neural network remodeling, which reflects adaptive neuroplasticity and is aimed at preserving and maintaining the normal function of neurons in the aging retina, as well as differences in the signs of retinal remodeling during normal and pathological aging. A characteristic feature of aging is subtle plastic changes, restructuring of connections between neurons in the outer retina and weakening of the functional activity of the retina, depending on the structure of neural networks. In the inner retina, the localization of contacts of bipolar cells with amacrine and ganglion cells does not change, but with age, simplification and narrowing of dendritic branches in most retinal ganglion cells occurs. Remodeling of neuronal contacts in eyes with AMD differs from that of normally aging retina by the degree of neuroplastic changes, rapid growth and remodeling of dendritic branching of bipolar cells, and the formation of multiple tangential contacts that provide connections between bipolar dendrites and distant photoreceptors. In advanced AMD and other age-related diseases, structural remodeling of the retina is significantly affected by cellular losses (of photoreceptors and other retinal neurons), rupture and simplification of dendritic branching, modification of Müller glial cell processes, and weakening of their functional symbiosis with retinal neurons.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ремоделирование сетчатки</kwd><kwd>нейропластичность</kwd><kwd>старение сетчатки</kwd><kwd>возраст-ассоциированные заболевания сетчатки</kwd><kwd>возрастная макулярная дегенерация</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>retinal remodeling</kwd><kwd>neuroplasticity</kwd><kwd>retinal aging</kwd><kwd>age-related retinal diseases</kwd><kwd>age-related macular degeneration</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Owsley C, Jackson GR, White M, Feist R, Edwards D. 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