helmholtzeyeinstituteРоссийский офтальмологический журналRussian Ophthalmological Journal2072-00762587-5760Real time Publishers10.21516/2072-0076-2026-19-1-203-209helmholtzeyeinstitute-2072Research ArticleОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫREVIEWSБиомаркеры в оценке прогрессии диабетической ретинопатииBiomarkers in the assessment of diabetic retinopathy progressionФайзрахмановР. Р.FayzrakhmanovR. R.

Ринат Рустамович Файзрахманов — д-р мед. наук, заведующий центром офтальмологии

ул. Нижняя Первомайская, д. 70, Москва, 105203

Rinat R. Fayzrakhmanov — Dr. of Med. Sci., director of the ophthalmology center

70, Nizhnyaya Pervomayskaya St., Moscow, 105203

ПавловскийО. А.PavlovskiyO. A.

Олег Александрович Павловский — канд. мед. наук, врач-офтальмолог, центр офтальмологии

ул. Нижняя Первомайская, д. 70, Москва, 105203

Oleg A. Pavlovskiy — Cand. Med. Sci., ophthalmologist of the ophthalmology center

70, Nizhnyaya Pervomayskaya St., Moscow, 105203

СараеваС. Н.SaraevaS. N.

Софья Николаевна Сараева — врач-офтальмолог, центр офтальмологии

ул. Нижняя Первомайская, д. 70, Москва, 105203

Sofia N. Saraeva — ophthalmologist of the ophthalmology center

70, Nizhnyaya Pervomayskaya St., Moscow, 105203

saraevasn@gmail.comМартыновА. О.MartynovA. O.

Андрей Олегович Мартынов — врач-офтальмолог, центр офтальмологии

ул. Нижняя Первомайская, д. 70, Москва, 105203

Andrey O. Martynov — ophthalmologist of the ophthalmology center

70, Nizhnyaya Pervomayskaya St., Moscow, 105203

ФГБУ «Национальный медико-хирургический центр им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава РоссииРоссияN.I. Pirogov National Medical and Surgical CenterRussian Federation202605042026191203209Copyright © Файзрахманов Р.Р., Павловский О.А., Сараева С.Н., Мартынов А.О., 20262026Файзрахманов Р.Р., Павловский О.А., Сараева С.Н., Мартынов А.О.Fayzrakhmanov R.R., Pavlovskiy O.A., Saraeva S.N., Martynov A.O.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://roj.igb.ru/jour/article/view/2072

Диабетическая ретинопатия (ДР) — наиболее распространенное микрососудистое осложнение сахарного диабета (СД) и основная причина приобретенной слепоты у людей трудоспособного возраста. Из-за отсутствия явных симптомов на ранних стадиях заболевания идентификация клинических биомаркеров может играть решающую роль в ранней диагностике, а также в выявлении прогностических факторов ДР. Основные факторы риска не объясняют большую вариабельность, которая характеризует эволюцию и скорость прогрессирования ДР у разных людей. В связи с этим идентификация глазных и системных биомаркеров имеет решающее значение для облегчения стратификации риска у пациентов с СД; более того, надежные биомаркеры могут также помочь в прогнозировании ответа пациента на терапию. Поскольку существующие методы лечения пролиферативной ДР в большинстве случаев на практике применяются на поздних стадиях заболевания, для обеспечения своевременного лечения необходимы надежные критерии прогрессии для раннего и адекватного подбора терапии болезни. В обзоре обсуждаются значимые системные и локальные биомаркеры ДР.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) and the leading cause of acquired blindness in people of working age. Due to the absence of obvious symptoms in the early stages of the disease, the identification of clinical biomarkers can play a crucial role in early diagnosis and in identifying prognostic factors for DR. Major risk factors do not explain the large variability that characterizes the evolution and rate of progression of DR in different individuals. Therefore, the identification of ocular and systemic biomarkers is crucial for facilitating risk stratification in patients with DM; furthermore, reliable biomarkers can also help predict patient response to therapy. Since existing treatments for proliferative DR are mostly applied in advanced stages of the disease, reliable progression criteria are necessary to ensure timely treatment and early and appropriate selection of therapy. This review discusses relevant systemic and local biomarkers of DR.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.