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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">helmholtzeyeinstitute</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский офтальмологический журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Ophthalmological Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-0076</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-5760</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Real time Publishers</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21516/2072-0076-2026-19-2-29-35</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">helmholtzeyeinstitute-2159</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Роль оптической когерентной томографии в оценке аксонального повреждения при аутоиммунных поражениях зрительного нерва</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The role of optical coherence tomography in the assessment of axonal damage in autoimmune lesions of the optic nerve</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3150-9664</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Батчаев</surname><given-names>А. С.-У.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Batchaev</surname><given-names>A. S.-U.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Батчаев Аслан Сеит-Умарович — канд. мед. наук, доцент, и.о. заведующего кафедрой «Педиатрия».</p><p>ул. Ставропольская, д. 36, Черкесск, Карачаево-Черкесская Республика, 369001</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aslan S.-U. Batchaev — Cand. of Med. Sci., associate professor, acting head of the department of pediatrics.</p><p>36, Stavropol St., Cherkessk, Karachay-Cherkess Republic, 369001</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">batchaev2025@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Османова</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Osmanova</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Османова Аминат Сайгидовна — студент.</p><p>пл. Ленина, д. 1, Махачкала, Республика Дагестан, 367000</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aminat S. Osmanova — student.</p><p>1, Lenin Square, Makhachkala, Republic of Dagestan, 367000</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Махтимагомедова</surname><given-names>Л. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Makhtimagomedova</surname><given-names>L. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Махтимагомедова Лиана Муслимовна — студент.</p><p>пл. Ленина, д. 1, Махачкала, Республика Дагестан, 367000</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Liana M. Makhtimagomedova — student.</p><p>1, Lenin Square, Makhachkala, Republic of Dagestan, 367000</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Билалмагомедова</surname><given-names>З. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bilalmagomedova</surname><given-names>Z. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Билалмагомедова Залина Мурадовна — студент.</p><p>пл. Ленина, д. 1, Махачкала, Республика Дагестан, 367000</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zalina M. Bilalmagomedova — student.</p><p>1, Lenin Square, Makhachkala, Republic of Dagestan, 367000</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хажгераева</surname><given-names>З. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khazhgeraeva</surname><given-names>Z. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Хажгераева Зульфия Каримулаевна — студент.</p><p>пл. Ленина, д. 1, Махачкала, Республика Дагестан, 367000</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zulfiya K. Khazhgeraeva — student.</p><p>1, Lenin Square, Makhachkala, Republic of Dagestan, 367000</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Махова</surname><given-names>Б. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Makhova</surname><given-names>B. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Махова Батина Алиасхабовна — студент.</p><p>пл. Ленина, д. 1, Махачкала, Республика Дагестан, 367000</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Batina A. Makhova — student.</p><p>1, Lenin Square, Makhachkala, Republic of Dagestan, 367000</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гериханова</surname><given-names>Х. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gerikhanova</surname><given-names>Kh. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гериханова Хадижа Джамбулатовна — студент.</p><p>ул. А. Шерипова, д. 32, Грозный, 364024</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Khadizha D. Gerikhanova — student.</p><p>A. Sheripova St., 32, Grozny, 364024</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0954-2434</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хохлухин</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khokhlukhin</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Хохлухин Даниил Андреевич — студент.</p><p>ул. Студенческая, д. 10, Воронеж, 394036</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Daniil A. Khokhlukhin — student.</p><p>10, Studencheskaya St., Voronezh, 394036</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Северо-Кавказская государственная академия»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>North Caucasian State Academy</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Дагестанский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Dagestan State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Чеченский государственный университет им. А.А. Кадырова», Медицинский институт</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kadyrov Chechen State University, Medical Institute</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «ВГМУ им. Н.Н. Бурденко» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V.I. Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>29</fpage><lpage>35</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Батчаев А.С., Османова А.С., Махтимагомедова Л.М., Билалмагомедова З.М., Хажгераева З.К., Махова Б.А., Гериханова Х.Д., Хохлухин Д.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Батчаев А.С., Османова А.С., Махтимагомедова Л.М., Билалмагомедова З.М., Хажгераева З.К., Махова Б.А., Гериханова Х.Д., Хохлухин Д.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Batchaev A.S., Osmanova A.S., Makhtimagomedova L.M., Bilalmagomedova Z.M., Khazhgeraeva Z.K., Makhova B.A., Gerikhanova K.D., Khokhlukhin D.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://roj.igb.ru/jour/article/view/2159">https://roj.igb.ru/jour/article/view/2159</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель работы — сравнительный анализ данных оптической когерентной томографии (ОКТ) пациентов с нейромиелитом зрительного нерва (NMOSD) и невритом зрительного нерва при рассеянном склерозе (MS-ON) для выявления структурных различий и уточнения диагностических критериев. Материал и методы. Комплексное офтальмологическое и нейровизуализационное обследование, включающее ОКТ с оценкой толщины слоя нервных волокон сетчатки (RNFL), макулярной зоны и хориоидеи проведено 26 пациентам (46 глаз). Результаты. У пациентов обеих исследуемых групп выявлено достоверное снижение RNFL по сравнению с контролем (p &lt; 0,01), при этом наиболее выраженные изменения отмечены в группе NMOSD-ON, особенно в височном квадранте. Частота макулярного микрокистозного отека составила 30,7% у пациентов с NMOSD-ON и 11,5% — у пациентов с MS-ON (p = 0,02). Субфовеальная толщина хориоидеи в группах значимо не различалась (p &gt; 0,05). Заключение. Результаты ОКТ подтверждают, что NMOSD-ассоциированный неврит зрительного нерва характеризуется более выраженной аксональной дегенерацией и структурными изменениями. Интеграция данных нейровизуализации и клинических показателей повышает точность дифференциальной диагностики и может служить основой для разработки персонализированных подходов к лечению и мониторингу пациентов с воспалительными поражениями зрительного нерва.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The purpose of the study was to comparatively analyze optical coherence tomography (OCT) data from patients with neuromyelitis optica (NMOSD) and optic neuritis in multiple sclerosis (MS-ON) to identify structural differences and refine diagnostic criteria. Material and methods. A comprehensive ophthalmological and neuroimaging examination, including OCT with assessment of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT), macular area, and choroid, was performed in 26 patients (46 eyes). Results. Patients in both study groups showed a significant decrease in RNFLT compared to the controls (p &lt; 0.01), with the most pronounced changes noted in the NMOSD-ON group, especially in the temporal quadrant. The incidence of macular microcystic edema was 30.7% in patients with NMOSD-ON and 11.5% in patients with MS-ON (p = 0.02). Subfoveal choroidal thickness did not differ significantly between the groups (p &gt; 0.05). Conclusion. OCT results confirm that NMOSD-associated optic neuritis is characterized by more pronounced axonal degeneration and structural changes. Integration of neuroimaging and clinical data improves the accuracy of differential diagnosis and can serve as a basis for developing personalized approaches to treating and monitoring patients with inflammatory optic nerve lesions.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>неврит зрительного нерва</kwd><kwd>рассеянный склероз</kwd><kwd>NMOSD</kwd><kwd>оптическая когерентная томография</kwd><kwd>толщина слоя нервных волокон сетчатки</kwd><kwd>макулярный микрокистозный отек</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>optic neuritis</kwd><kwd>multiple sclerosis</kwd><kwd>NMOSD</kwd><kwd>optical coherence tomography</kwd><kwd>thickness of retina nerve fiber layer</kwd><kwd>macular microcystic edema</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Котов А.С., Токарева Ю.В., Луцик В.Н. и др. 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