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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">helmholtzeyeinstitute</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский офтальмологический журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Ophthalmological Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-0076</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-5760</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Real time Publishers</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21516/2072-0076-2026-19-2-152-157</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">helmholtzeyeinstitute-2168</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Определение рефракции путем ретиноскопии с использованием линз с эффектом затуманивания и циклоплегии у детей школьного возраста</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Assessment of refractive error by retinoscopy using fogging lens and cycloplegia in school aged children</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1015-4641</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Уль Айн</surname><given-names>К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ul Ain</surname><given-names>Q.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Уль Айн Курат — бакалавр наук в области оптометрии.</p><p>Равалпинди, 4600</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Qurat Ul Ain — B.Sc. (hons) Optometrist.</p><p>Rawalpindi, 4600</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">quratshah2021@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7755-5199</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Наджиб</surname><given-names>М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Najeeb</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Наджиб Марьям — стажер-оптометрист.</p><p>Равалпинди, 4600</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maryam Najeeb — Internee Optometrist.</p><p>Rawalpindi, 4600</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5445-943X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каюм</surname><given-names>С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Qayyum</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Каюм Садаф — координатор курса оптометрии и ортоптики.</p><p>Равалпинди, 4600</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sadaf Qayyum — Course Coordinator, Optometry and Orthoptics.</p><p>Rawalpindi, 4600</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0468-9777</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Халид</surname><given-names>М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khalid</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Халид Муссафа — старший педиатр.</p><p>Равалпинди, 4600</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mussafa Khalid — Senior Pediatric.</p><p>Rawalpindi, 4600</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Пакистанский институт офтальмологии, Глазная больница Аль-Шифа Траст</institution><country>Пакистан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pakistan Institute of Ophthalmology, Al-Shifa Trust Eye Hospital</institution><country>Pakistan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>152</fpage><lpage>157</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Уль Айн К., Наджиб М., Каюм С., Халид М., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Уль Айн К., Наджиб М., Каюм С., Халид М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ul Ain Q., Najeeb M., Qayyum S., Khalid M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://roj.igb.ru/jour/article/view/2168">https://roj.igb.ru/jour/article/view/2168</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель работы — сравнить данные рефракции, полученные с помощью циклоплегической ретиноскопии и ретиноскопии с эффектом затуманивания, у детей школьного возраста с миопией и гиперметропией. Материал и методы. Проведено сравнительное поперечное исследование результатов измерений рефракции с использованием метода неслучайной последовательной выборки у 240 детей (45% мальчиков и 55% девочек) в возрасте от 6 до 15 лет (средний возраст 10,64 ± 2,82 года). Острота зрения измерялась с помощью таблицы LogMAR. Для оценки рефракции были выполнены две ретиноскопические процедуры: ретиноскопия с эффектом затуманивания зрения с использованием линзы с высоким положительным увеличением и циклоплегическая ретиноскопия с 1% циклопентолатом и 0,5% тропикамидом. Данные, обработанные с помощью программы SPSS, версия 26.0. сравнивались после преобразования в сферические эквиваленты (СЭ) с использованием критерия Вилкоксона для парных выборок, поскольку предварительный анализ показал, что данные не соответствуют нормальному распределению. Результаты. Описательная статистика выявила минимальные различия в значениях СЭ между ретиноскопией с эффектом затуманивания зрения у пациентов с гиперметропией (среднее значение = -0,41, стандартное отклонение = 5,63) и миопией (среднее значение = -4,8, стандартное отклонение = 3,65) и циклоплегической ретиноскопией у пациентов с гиперметропией (среднее значение = -0,47, стандартное отклонение = 5,64) и миопией (среднее значение = -4,9, стандартное отклонение = 3,69). Анализ показал отсутствие существенной разницы между двумя методами у пациентов со слабой и средней степенью гиперметропии или миопии (p &gt; 0,05) и небольшую, но статистическим значимую разницу между двумя методами у пациентов с высокой гиперметропией или миопией (p &lt; 0,05). Заключение. Полученные результаты подтверждают, что ретиноскопия с использованием метода «затуманивания» при выполнении по надлежащим протоколам опытным врачом дает точные результаты и может быть хорошей альтернативой циклоплегической ретиноскопии.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Purpose. To compare the refractive error measurements obtained through cycloplegic retinoscopy and fogging retinoscopy in school-aged children with myopia and hyperopia. Material and methods. A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted using a non-probability consecutive sampling technique among school-age children. The study analyzed 240 readings in children aged 6 to 15 years, with a mean age of 10.64 ± 2.82 years, including 45% males and 55% females. Visual acuity was measured using a LogMAR chart. Two retinoscopic procedures were performed to assess refractive error: fogging retinoscopy with a high-power plus lens and cycloplegic retinoscopy with 1% cyclopentolate and 0.5% tropicamide. The readings were entered into SPSS version 26.0 and compared after converting them into spherical equivalents (SE) using the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test, as preliminary analysis indicated that the data did not follow a normal distribution. Results. Descriptive statistics revealed minimal differences in SE measurements between fogging retinoscopy (mean = -0.41, SD = 5.63) in hyperopes and (mean = -4.8, SD = 3.65) in myopes and cycloplegic retinoscopy (mean = -0.47, SD = 5.64) in hyperopes and (mean = -4.9, SD = 3.69) in myopes. Inferential analysis showed no significant difference between the two methods in low to moderate hyperopes and myopes (p &gt; 0.05) and a significant difference between the two methods in high hyperopes and myopes (p &lt; 0.05). Conclusion. The present results confirm that fogging retinoscopy when performed with proper protocols by an experienced clinician, gives accurate results and can be a good alternative to cycloplegic retinoscopy.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>нарушения рефракции</kwd><kwd>ретиноскопия</kwd><kwd>затуманивание</kwd><kwd>циклоплегия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>refractive error</kwd><kwd>retinoscopy</kwd><kwd>fogging</kwd><kwd>cycloplegic agents</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dhaliwal DK. Overview of Refractive Error-Eye Disorders. 2026. https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/eye-disorders/refractive-disorders/overview-of-refractive-disorders</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dhaliwal DK. 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