<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">helmholtzeyeinstitute</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский офтальмологический журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Ophthalmological Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-0076</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-5760</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Real time Publishers</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21516/2072-0076-2026-19-2-100-108</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">helmholtzeyeinstitute-2173</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Применение нейросетевой модели для классификации ОКТ-изображений при диагностике меланомы хориоидеи</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Application of a neural network model for OCT image classification in the diagnosis of choroidal melanoma</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2087-7155</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мякошина</surname><given-names>Е. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Myakoshina</surname><given-names>E. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мякошина Елена Борисовна — д-р мед. наук, старший научный сотрудник отдела офтальмоонкологии и радиологии, доцент кафедры глазных болезней.</p><p>ул. Садовая-Черногрязская, д. 14/19, Москва, 105062</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena B. Myakoshina — Dr. of Med. Sci., senior researcher of ocular oncology and radiology department, assistant professor, chair of eye diseases.</p><p>14/19, Sadovaya-Chernogryazskaya St., Moscow, 105062</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8591-428X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Саакян</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Saakyan</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Саакян Светлана Владимировна — чл.-корр. РАН, д-р мед. наук, профессор, начальник отдела офтальмоонкологии и радиологии, ФГБУ «НМИЦ глазных болезней им. Гельмгольца» Минздрава России; заведующая учебной частью кафедры глазных болезней лечебного факультета НОИ Клинической медицины им. Н.А. Семашко, ФГБОУ ВО «РосУниМед» Минздрава России.</p><p>ул. Садовая-Черногрязская, д. 14/19, Москва, 105062; ул. Долгоруковская, д. 4, Москва, 127006</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana V. Saakyan — Corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Dr. of Med. Sci., professor, head of ocular oncology and radiology department, Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases; head of the academic department of chair of eye diseases of N.A. Semashko Nanional Research Institute of clinical medicine, The Russian University of Medicine.</p><p>14/19, Sadovaya-Chernogryazskaya St., Moscow, 105062; 4, Dolgorukovskaya St., Moscow, 127006</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6752-9499</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Укина</surname><given-names>А. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ukina</surname><given-names>A. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Укина Анастасия Олеговна — врач-офтальмолог отделения офтальмологии стационара.</p><p>ул. Рощинская, д. 15а к. 1, Гатчина, Ленинградская обл., 188300</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasia O. Ukina — ophthalmologist, hospital ophthalmology department.</p><p>15A, building 1, Roshchinskaya St., Gatchina, Leningrad region, 188300</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">anastasiaukina@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гарри</surname><given-names>Д. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Garri</surname><given-names>D. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гарри Денис Дмитриевич — аспирант кафедры глазных болезней ФДПО, специалист по работе с медицинскими данными.</p><p>ул. Козлова, д. 30, Москва, 121357</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Denis D. Garri — PhD student, chair of eye diseases of the faculty of continuing professional education, specialist in working with medical data.</p><p>30, Kozlov St., Moscow, 121357</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «НМИЦ глазных болезней им. Гельмгольца» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «НМИЦ глазных болезней им. Гельмгольца» Минздрава России; ФГБОУ ВО «Российский университет медицины» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases; The Russian University of Medicine</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ ЛО «Гатчинская клиническая межрайонная больница»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Gatchina Interdistrict Clinical Hospital</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ООО «Искусственные сети и технологии»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Limited Liability Company “Artificial Networks and Technologies”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>100</fpage><lpage>108</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мякошина Е.Б., Саакян С.В., Укина А.О., Гарри Д.Д., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мякошина Е.Б., Саакян С.В., Укина А.О., Гарри Д.Д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Myakoshina E.B., Saakyan S.V., Ukina A.O., Garri D.D.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://roj.igb.ru/jour/article/view/2173">https://roj.igb.ru/jour/article/view/2173</self-uri><abstract><p>Для своевременного начала лечения и улучшения витального прогноза меланомы хориоидеи (МХ) требуется ее ранняя точная диагностика. Цель исследования — разработка автоматизированной системы поддержки принятия врачебных решений при диагностике хориоидальных опухолей на основе изображений оптической когерентной томографии (ОКТ) с использованием технологий искусственного интеллекта (ИИ) и оценка ее работы. Материал и методы. Описывается процесс создания, и оценивается эффективность сверточной нейронной сети YOLO11n-cls в автоматической классификации ОКТ-изображений глазного дна на три класса: МХ, невус хориоидеи и здоровое глазное дно. Результаты. Для обучения и оценки модели был создан датасет из 1700 ОКТ-снимков, полученных в ФГБУ «НМИЦ ГБ им. Гельмгольца» Минздрава России за период 2014–2024 гг. Обучение проводили с применением методов аугментации и предварительно обученных на ImageNet-весов. По результатам тестирования точность модели составила 95 %. Заключение. Продемонстрирована перспективность применения технологий с использованием ИИ в создании программ поддержки принятия врачебных решений в офтальмологической практике.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Early and accurate diagnosis of choroidal melanoma (CM) is required to initiate treatment in a timely manner and improve the prognosis. The purpose of the study was to develop an automated system for supporting medical decision-making in the diagnosis of choroidal tumors based on optical coherence tomography (OCT) images using artificial intelligence (AI) technologies and to evaluate its performance. Material and methods. The article describes the creation process and evaluates the effectiveness of the YOLO11n-cls convolutional neural network in the automatic classification of OCT fundus images into three classes: CM, choroidal nevus, and healthy fundus. Results. To train and evaluate the model, a dataset of 1,700 OCT images obtained at the Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases over the period 2014–2024 was created. Training was performed using augmentation methods and weights pre-trained on ImageNet. According to the testing results, the accuracy of the model was 95 %. The primary limitations identified include insufficient variability in unique cases and the necessity for further external validation of the model. Conclusion. The potential of using AI-based technologies in the creation of programs to support medical decision-making in ophthalmological practice has been demonstrated.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>искусственный интеллект</kwd><kwd>меланома хориоидеи</kwd><kwd>оптическая когерентная томография</kwd><kwd>нейронные сети</kwd><kwd>диагностика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>artificial intelligence</kwd><kwd>choroidal melanoma</kwd><kwd>optical coherence tomography</kwd><kwd>neural networks</kwd><kwd>diagnosis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мякошина Е.Б. Начальная меланома хориоидеи и псевдомеланомы: методы дифференциальной диагностики (обзор литературы). Часть 3. Российский офтальмологический журнал. 2020; 13 (4): 91–8. https://doi.org/10.21516/2072-0076-2020-13-4-91-98</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Myakoshina E.B. Small choroidal melanoma and pseudomelanomas: methods of differential diagnostics (literature review). Part 3. Russian ophthalmological journal. 2020; 13 (4): 91–8 (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10,21516/2072-0076-2020-13-4-91-98</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мякошина Е.Б., Саакян С.В. Оптическая когерентная томография в диагностике начальной меланомы хориоидеи. Вестник офтальмологии. 2020; 136 (1): 56–64. https://doi.org/10,17116/oftalma202013601156</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Miakoshina E.B., Saakian S.V. Optical coherence tomography in diagnostics of small choroidal melanoma. Vestnik oftal’mologii. 2020; 136 (1): 56–64 (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10,17116/oftalma202013601156</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бровкина А.Ф., Стоюхина А.С., Мусаткина И.В. Оптическая когерентная томография в диагностике начальных меланом хориоидеи. Вестник офтальмологии. 2016; 132 (5): 23–34. https://doi.org/10,17116/oftalma2016132523-34</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brovkina A.F., Stoyukhina A.S., Musatkina I.V. Diagnostic potential of optical coherence tomography for small choroidal melanomas. Vestnik oftal’mologii. 2016; 132 (5): 23–34 (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10,17116/oftalma2016132523-34</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Стоюхина А.С., Мусаткина И.В. Морфогенез меланом хориоидеи в свете оптической когерентной томографии. Вестник офтальмологии. 2018. 134 (5–2): 186–94. https://doi.org/10,17116/oftalma2018134051186</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stoyukhina A.S., Musatkina I.V. Morphogenesis of choroidal melanomas in OCT imaging. Vestnik oftal’mologii. 2018; 134 (5–2): 186–94 (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10,17116/oftalma2018134051186</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Саакян С.В., Нероев В.В., Юровская Н.Н. и др. Оптическая когерентная томография опухолеассоциированных изменений сетчатки при новообразованиях хориоидеи. Российский офтальмологический журнал. 2009; 2: 35–41.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Saakyan S.V., Neroev V.V., Yurovskaya N.N., et al. Optical coherence tomography of tumor-associated retinal changes in neoplasm of choroid. Russian ophthalmological journal. 2009; 2: 35–41 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Нероев В.В., Саакян С.В., Мякошина Е.Б. и др. Классификация опухолеассоциированных ретинальных изменений при увеальных новообразованиях. Российский офтальмологический журнал. 2010; 4: 35–9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Neroev V.V., Saakyan S.V., Myakoshina E.B., et al. Classification of tumor-associated retinal changes in uveal tumors. Russian ophthalmological journal. 2010; 4: 35–9 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гарри Д.Д., Саакян С.В., Хорошилова-Маслова И.П. и др. Методы машинного обучения в офтальмологии. Обзор литературы. Офтальмология. 2020; 17 (1): 20–31. https://doi.org/10,18008/1816-5095-2020-1-20-31</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Garri D.D., Saakyan S.V., Khoroshilova-Maslova I.P., et al. Мethods of machine learning in ophthalmology: Review. Ophthalmology in Russia. 2020; 17 (1): 20–31 (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10,18008/1816-5095-2020-1-20-31</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kermany DS, Goldbaum M, Cai W, et al. Identifying medical diagnoses and treatable diseases by image-based deep learning. Сell. 2018 Feb 22; 172 (5): 1122–31.e9. doi: 10,1016/j.cell.2018.02.010</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kermany DS, Goldbaum M, Cai W, et al. Identifying medical diagnoses and treatable diseases by image-based deep learning. Сell. 2018 Feb 22; 172 (5): 1122–31.e9. doi: 10,1016/j.cell.2018.02.010</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tang F, Wang X, Ran AR, et al. A Multitask deep-learning system to classify diabetic macular edema for different optical coherence tomography devices: A multicenter analysis. Diabetes Care. 2021 Sep; 44( 9): 2078–2088. doi: 10,2337/dc20-3064</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tang F, Wang X, Ran AR, et al. A Multitask deep-learning system to classify diabetic macular edema for different optical coherence tomography devices: A multicenter analysis. Diabetes Care. 2021 Sep; 44( 9): 2078–2088. doi: 10.2337/dc20-3064</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Selvam A, Ong J, Bollepalli SC, et al. Artificial intelligence in choroid through optical coherence tomography: A comprehensive review. Authorea Preprints. 2023. doi: 10,36227/techrxiv.24076470,v2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Selvam A, Ong J, Bollepalli SC, et al. Artificial intelligence in choroid through optical coherence tomography: A comprehensive review. Authorea Preprints. 2023. doi: 10,36227/techrxiv.24076470,v2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Каталевская Е.А., Сизов А.Ю., Гилемзянова Л.И. Алгоритм искусственного интеллекта для сегментации патологических структур на сканах оптической когерентной томографии сетчатки глаза. Российский журнал телемедицины и электронного здравоохранения. 2022; 8 (3): 21–7. doi: 10.29188/2712-9217-2022-8-3-21-27</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Katalevskaya E.A., Sizov A.Yu., Gilemzianova L.I. Artificial intelligence algorithm for segmentation of pathological structures on optical coherence tomography scans. Russian journal of telemedicine and electronic health care. 2022; 8 (3): 21–7 (In Russ.). doi: 10,29188/2712-9217-2022-8-3-21-27</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Нероев В.В., Брагин А.А., Зайцева О.В. Диагностика патологий сетчатки по снимкам оптической когерентной томографии с использованием инструментов искусственного интеллекта. Российский офтальмологический журнал. 2023; 16 (3): 47–53. https://doi.org/10,21516/2072-0076-2023-16-3-47-53</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Neroev V.V., Bragin A.A., Zaytseva O.V. Diagnostics of retinal pathologies by optical coherence tomography images using artificial intelligence tools. Russian ophthalmological journal. 2023; 16 (3): 47–53 (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10,21516/2072-0076-2023-16-3-47-53</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Patel RH, Foltz EA, Witkowski A, Ludzik J. Analysis of artificial intelligence-based approaches applied to non-invasive imaging for early detection of melanoma: a systematic review. Cancers (Basel). 2023 Sep 23; 15 (19): 4694. doi: 10,3390/cancers15194694</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Patel RH, Foltz EA, Witkowski A, Ludzik J. Analysis of artificial intelligence-based approaches applied to non-invasive imaging for early detection of melanoma: a systematic review. Cancers (Basel). 2023 Sep 23; 15 (19): 4694. doi: 10,3390/cancers15194694</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tailor PD, Kopinski PK, D’Souza HS, et al. Predicting choroidal nevus transformation to melanoma using machine learning. Ophthalmol Sci. 2024 Jul 20; 5 (1): 100584. doi: 10,1016/j.xops.2024.100584</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tailor PD, Kopinski PK, D’Souza HS, et al. Predicting choroidal nevus transformation to melanoma using machine learning. Ophthalmol Sci. 2024 Jul 20; 5 (1): 100584. doi: 10,1016/j.xops.2024.100584</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Karamanli K-E, Maliagkani E, Petrou P, Papageorgiou E, Georgalas I. Artificial intelligence in decoding ocular enigmas: A literature review of choroidal nevus and choroidal melanoma assessment. Applied Sciences. 2025; 15 (7): 3565. https://doi.org/10,3390/app15073565</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Karamanli K-E, Maliagkani E, Petrou P, Papageorgiou E, Georgalas I. Artificial intelligence in decoding ocular enigmas: A literature review of choroidal nevus and choroidal melanoma assessment. Applied Sciences. 2025; 15 (7): 3565. https://doi.org/10,3390/app15073565</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ragab MG, Abdulkadir SJ, Muneer A, et al. A comprehensive systematic review of YOLO for medical object detection (2018 to 2023). IEEE Access. 2024; 12: 57815–536. doi: 10,1109/ACCESS.2024.3386826</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ragab MG, Abdulkadir SJ, Muneer A, et al. A comprehensive systematic review of YOLO for medical object detection (2018 to 2023). IEEE Access. 2024; 12: 57815–536. doi: 10,1109/ACCESS.2024.3386826</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Каталевская Е.А., Каталевский Д.Ю., Тюриков М.И., Велиева И.А., Большунов А.В. Перспективы использования искусственного интеллекта в диагностике и лечении заболеваний сетчатки. Клиническая офтальмология. 2022; 22 (1): 36–43. doi: 10,32364/2311-7729-2022-22-1-36-43</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Katalevskaya E.A., Katalevskiy D.Yu., Tyurikov M.I., Velieva I.A., Bolshunov A.V. Future of artificial intelligence for the diagnosis and treatment of retinal diseases. Russian journal of clinical ophthalmology. 2022; 22 (1): 36–43 (In Russ.). doi: 10,32364/2311-7729-2022-22-1-36-43</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shulga LA, Saakyan SV, Skladnev DA. Finding a uniform system of retina coefficient for early detection of initial stage of pathological changes. In: Ng EYK, Acharya UR, Tamura T, eds. Distributed Diagnosis and Healthcare. Vol. 3. American Scientific Publishers; 2011: 321–5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shulga LA, Saakyan SV, Skladnev DA. Finding a uniform system of retina coefficient for early detection of initial stage of pathological changes. In: Ng EYK, Acharya UR, Tamura T, eds. Distributed Diagnosis and Healthcare. Vol. 3. American Scientific Publishers; 2011: 321–5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aldughayfiq B, Ashfaq F, Jhanjhi NZ, Humayun M. YOLO-Based deep learning model for pressure ulcer detection and classification. Healthcare (Basel). 2023 Apr 25; 11 (9): 1222. doi: 10,3390/healthcare11091222</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aldughayfiq B, Ashfaq F, Jhanjhi NZ, Humayun M. YOLO-Based deep learning model for pressure ulcer detection and classification. Healthcare (Basel). 2023 Apr 25; 11 (9): 1222. doi: 10,3390/healthcare11091222</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pinto-Coelho L. How artificial intelligence is shaping medical imaging technology: A survey of innovations and applications. Bioengineering (Basel). 2023 Dec 18; 10 (12): 1435. doi: 10,3390/bioengineering10121435</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pinto-Coelho L. How artificial intelligence is shaping medical imaging technology: A survey of innovations and applications. Bioengineering (Basel). 2023 Dec 18; 10 (12): 1435. doi: 10,3390/bioengineering10121435</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ali ML, Zhang Z. The YOLO framework: A comprehensive review of evolution, applications, and benchmarks in object detection. Computers. 2024; 13 (12): 336. https://doi.org/10,3390/computers13120336</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ali ML, Zhang Z. The YOLO framework: A comprehensive review of evolution, applications, and benchmarks in object detection. Computers. 2024; 13 (12): 336. https://doi.org/10,3390/computers13120336</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
