helmholtzeyeinstituteРоссийский офтальмологический журналRussian Ophthalmological Journal2072-00762587-5760Real time Publishers10.21516/2072-0076-2019-12-4-99-108helmholtzeyeinstitute-343Research ArticleОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫREVIEWSНачальная меланома хориоидеи и псевдомеланомы: методы дифференциальной диагностики. Часть 1. ОфтальмоскопияSmall choroidal melanoma and pseudomelanomas: methods of differential diagnostics. Part 1МякошинаЕ. Б.MyakoshinaE. B.

канд. мед. наук, научный сотрудник отдела офтальмоонкологии и радиологии

ул. Садовая-Черногрязская, д. 14/19, Москва, 105062, Россия

Cand. of Med. Sci., researcher, ophthalmic oncology and radiology department

19, Sadovaya-Chernogryazskaya St., Moscow, 105062, Russia

myakoshina@mail.ruФГБУ «НМИЦ глазных болезней им. Гельмгольца» Минздрава РоссииРоссияHelmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye DiseasesRussian Federation20191112201912499108Copyright © Мякошина Е.Б., 20192019Мякошина Е.Б.Myakoshina E.B.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://roj.igb.ru/jour/article/view/343

Меланома хориоидеи (МХ) — злокачественная опухоль, склонная к раннему метастазированию. Ее клиническая картина полиморфна, вследствие чего она может симулировать множество заболеваний глазного дна, названных в литературе «псевдомеланомами». К ним относятся: невус хориоидеи, отграниченная гемангиома хориоидеи, меланоцитомы, метастатическая карцинома хориоидеи, врожденная гипертрофия ретинального пигментного эпителия, поздняя стадия возрастной макулярной дегенерации, очаговые ретинохориоидиты, организованное субретинальное кровоизлияние, гемангиомы сетчатки. Однако работы, посвященные сравнению клинических признаков всех перечисленных псевдомеланом с начальной МХ, малочисленны. В данной части обзора приведено описание офтальмоскопической картины начальной МХ и псевдомеланом.

Choroidal melanoma is a malignant tumor prone to early metastasis. Its clinical picture is polymorphic, as a result of which it can simulate many diseases of the fundus, which are referred to in the literature as pseudomelanomas. Among these are: choroidal nevus, localized choroidal hemangioma, melanocytomas, choroidal metastatic carcinoma, congenital hypertrophy of retinal pigment epithelium, late stage of age-related macular degeneration, focal retinal choroiditis, organized subretinal hemorrhage, retinal hemangiomas. However, studies comparing the clinical signs of all listed pseudomelanomas and small choroidal melanoma are few. The first part of the review describes the ophthalmoscopic picture of the small choroidal melanoma and pseudomelanomas.

начальная меланома хориоидеиневус хориоидеиотграниченная гемангиома хориоидеимеланоцитомаметастатическая карцинома хориоидеиврожденная гипертрофия ретинального пигментного эпителияпоздняя стадия возрастной макулярной дегенерациизадний очаговый ретинохориоидиторганизованное субретинальное кровоизлияниегемангиома сетчаткиsmall сhoroidal melanomachoroidal nevuscircumscribed choroidal hemangiomamelanocytomachoroidal metastatic carcinomacongenital hypertrophy of retinal pigment epitheliumlate stage of age-related macular degenerationposterior focal retinal choroiditisorganized subretinal hemorrhageretinal hemangiomaReferencesБровкина А.Ф. Офтальмоонкология. Москва: Медицина; 2002.Бровкина А.Ф. Офтальмоонкология. Москва: Медицина; 2002.Singh A.D., Bergman L., Seregard S. Uveal melanoma: epidemiologic aspects. Ophthalmol. Clin. North. Am. 2005; 18: 75–84. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-54255-8_6Singh A.D., Bergman L., Seregard S. Uveal melanoma: epidemiologic aspects. Ophthalmol. Clin. North. 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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.