helmholtzeyeinstituteРоссийский офтальмологический журналRussian Ophthalmological Journal2072-00762587-5760Real time Publishers10.21516/2072-0076-2020-13-3-97-102helmholtzeyeinstitute-494Research ArticleОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫREVIEWSРоль ультразвуковых методов в оценке биометрических характеристик зрительного нерваThe role of ultrasound methods in the assessment of biometric characteristics of the optic nerveКиселеваТ. Н.KiselevaT. N.

Татьяна Николаевна Киселева — доктор медицинских наук, профессор, начальник отдела ультразвуковых исследований.

Ул. Садовая-Черногрязская, д. 14/19, Москва, 105062

Tatiana N. Kiseleva — Dr.  of Med.  Sci.,  Professor, head  of ultrasound diagnostic department.

14/19, Sadovaya-Chernogryazskaya St., Moscow, 105062

БаеваА. В.BaevaA. V.

Алена Витальевна Баева — аспирант кафедры глазных болезней Елена Константиновна.

Ул. Садовая-Черногрязская, д. 14/19, Москва, 105062

Alena V. Baeva — Phd student of chair of eye diseases.

14/19, Sadovaya-Chernogryazskaya St., Moscow, 105062

ЕлисееваЕ. К.EliseevaE. K.

Елисеева — кандидат медицинских наук, научный сотрудник  отдела ультразвуковых исследований.

Ул. Садовая-Черногрязская, д. 14/19, Москва, 105062

Elena K. Eliseeva — Cand. of Med. Sci., researcher of ultrasound diagnostic department.

eliseevaek@ya.ruМакухинаВ. В.MakukhinaV. V.

Виктория Валерьевна Макухина — врач-ординатор.

Ул. Садовая-Черногрязская, д. 14/19, Москва, 105062

Viktoriya V. Makukhina — resident doctor.

14/19, Sadovaya-Chernogryazskaya St., Moscow, 105062

ФГБУ «НМИЦ глазных болезней им. Гельмгольца» Минздрава РоссииРоссияHelmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye DiseasesRussian Federation20201509202013397102Copyright © Киселева Т.Н., Баева А.В., Елисеева Е.К., Макухина В.В., 20202020Киселева Т.Н., Баева А.В., Елисеева Е.К., Макухина В.В.Kiseleva T.N., Baeva A.V., Eliseeva E.K., Makukhina V.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://roj.igb.ru/jour/article/view/494

Диагностика патологии зрительного нерва (ЗН) основывается на результатах клинико-инструментального обследования, электрофизиологического исследования, компьютерной томографии (КТ) и магнитно-резонансной томографии (МРТ). Возможности этих методов нередко ограниченны, а стоимость высока. Ультразвуковое исследование является неинвазивным, высокоинформативным и относительно недорогим методом. Обзор посвящен роли эхографии в дифференциальной диагностике заболеваний ЗН,  представлены сведения о технике  измерения диаметра ЗН и его нормативных параметрах. Помимо офтальмопатологии, В-сканирование ЗН является необходимым диагностическим методом при заболеваниях головного мозга и системной патологии. В клинической практике для оценки степени тяжести поражения и эффективности лечения заболеваний ЗН огромное значение имеет определение его основных акустических и биометрических характеристик. Требуется дальнейшее изучение сопоставимости результатов измерения интраокулярной и ретробульбарной частей ЗН с использованием различных методов визуализации.

The diagnostics of the optic nerve (ON) pathology relies on the results of clinical and instrumental examinations, electrophysiological tests, computer tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. The potentials of these techniques are often limited, and the costs high. Ultrasound examination  is noninvasive, informative and relatively inexpensive. The literature review is focused on the role of echography in the diagnosis and diagnostic differentiation of optic nerve pathologies. The data on the techniques of measurements  of the optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) and its normal parameters are presented. In addition to eye pathology, B-scanning of the optic nerve is a very useful diagnostic method in cerebral pathology and systemic diseases. In clinical practice, the measurement  of the main acoustic and biometric characteristics of ON plays a crucial role in the assessment of severity of damage and treatment effectiveness of ON pathology. The comparability of measurements of intraocular and retrobulbar ON parts using the different imaging techniques will require further studies.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.