helmholtzeyeinstituteРоссийский офтальмологический журналRussian Ophthalmological Journal2072-00762587-5760Real time Publishers10.21516/2072-0076-2021-14-1-7-14helmholtzeyeinstitute-573Research ArticleСТАТЬЯ НОМЕРАLEADING ARTICLEОфтальмологические аспекты коронавирусной инфекцииOphthalmological aspects of coronavirus infectionsНероевВ. В.NeroevV. V.

Владимир Владимирович Нероев — академик РАН, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, директор НМИЦ глазных болезней им. Гельмгольца, заведующий кафедрой глазных болезней МГМСУ им. А.И. Евдокимова.

Ул. Садовая-Черногрязская, д. 14/19, Москва, 105062; ул. Делегатская, д. 20, стр. 1, Москва, 127473

Vladimir V. Neroev — Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Dr. of Med. Sci., professor, director1 , head of chair of ophthalmology.

14/19, Sadovaya-Chernogryazskaya st., Moscow, 105062; 20/1, Delegatskaya st., Moscow, 127473

КиселеваТ. Н.KiselevaT. N.

Татьяна Николаевна Киселева — доктор медицинских наук, профессор, начальник отдела ультразвуковых исследований.

Ул. Садовая-Черногрязская, д. 14/19, Москва, 105062

Tatiana N. Kiseleva — Dr. of Med. Sci., professor, head of the ultrasound department.

14/19, Sadovaya-Chernogryazskaya st., Moscow, 105062

ЕлисееваЕ. К.EliseevaE. K.

Елена Константиновна Елисеева — кандидат медицинских наук, научный сотрудник отдела ультразвуковых исследований.

Ул. Садовая-Черногрязская, д. 14/19, Москва, 105062

Elena K. Eliseeva — Cand. of Med. Sci., researcher, ultrasound department.

14/19, Sadovaya-Chernogryazskaya st., Moscow, 105062

eliseevaek@ya.ruФГБУ НМИЦ глазных болезней им. Гельмгольца Минздрава России; ФГБОУ ВО Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет им. А.И. Евдокимова Минздрава РоссииРоссияHelmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases; Evdokimov Moscow State Medical Stomatological University of Medicine and DentistryRussian FederationФГБУ НМИЦ глазных болезней им. Гельмгольца Минздрава РоссииРоссияHelmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye DiseasesRussian Federation202118032021141714Copyright © Нероев В.В., Киселева Т.Н., Елисеева Е.К., 20212021Нероев В.В., Киселева Т.Н., Елисеева Е.К.Neroev V.V., Kiseleva T.N., Eliseeva E.K.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://roj.igb.ru/jour/article/view/573

Новая коронавирусная инфекция — COVID-19, вызванная вирусом SARS-CoV-2, наряду с поражением дыхательной системы, может приводить к заболеваниям органа зрения. Помимо респираторного пути передачи этой инфекции, существует риск передачи вируса через слизистую оболочку глаза. В статье обобщены сведения о разновидностях коронавирусов, поражающих человека, и структуре SARS-CоV-2. Представлены данные литературы о возможностях молекулярной диагностики коронавирусной инфекции, определении вида коронавируса, типа клинического материала и времени обнаружения вируса, а также о взаимосвязи SARS-CoV-2 с конъюнктивитом. С помощью молекулярных тестов слезы или мазка с конъюнктивы проводится объективное исследование для диагностики коронавирусной инфекции независимо от симптомов поражения глаза. Наибольшей информативностью обладает метод полимеразной цепной реакции (ПЦР) в реальном времени с обратной транскрипцией вирусной РНК в раннем периоде заболевания (в течение 9 дней). Наличие SARS-CоV-2 в слезной жидкости и мазках с конъюнктивы указывает на необходимость соблюдения мер по предупреждению проникновения вируса через глазную поверхность и использования защитных очков в качестве профилактики заражения. С учетом возможности появления побочных эффектов со стороны органа зрения больным COVID-19 с нарушением зрения после проведения этиотропной и патогенетической терапии рекомендовано обследование у офтальмолога.

The novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CоV-2 virus, may lead to ocular diseases besides affecting the respiratory system. Cororonavirus infection may be transmitted not only through the respiratory system but also through the conjunctiva. The review article summarizes the data on the origin and variants of coronaviruses that infect humans, as well as on SARS-CоV-2 structures. Literature data on prospects of molecular diagnostics of the disease, coronavirus type detection methods, clinical sample types and duration of the disease before it is diagnosed are discussed. The data on the relationship between the coronavirus infection and conjunctivitis are given. Molecular tests of the tear and conjunctival swabs were used to diagnose the coronavirus infection independently of whether symptoms of ocular disorders were present. The real-time reverse-transcription of RNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was the most informative method for diagnosis of SARS-CоV-2 in the early stage of COVID-19 (until the 9th day). The presence of SARS-CоV-2 in the tear fluid and conjunctival swabs indicates the need for safety measures to prevent virus transmission through the ocular surface, including protective goggles to be worn by healthcare workers. Since side effects in the eye may appear, COVID-19 patients with visual impairment who received etiotropic or pathogenetic treatment are advised to consult an ophthalmologist.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.