helmholtzeyeinstituteРоссийский офтальмологический журналRussian Ophthalmological Journal2072-00762587-5760Real time Publishers10.21516/2072-0076-2021-14-3-113-119helmholtzeyeinstitute-730Research ArticleОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫREVIEWSОсобенности структурно-биомеханических свойств и микроэлементного состава корнеосклеральной оболочки глаза при глаукоме нормального давленияStructural and biomechanical properties and trace elements composition of the corneoscleral eye shell in normal tension glaucomaАрутюнянЛ. Л.ArutyunyanL. L.

 д-р мед. наук, заведующая диагностическим отделением,  профессор кафедры офтальмологии 

ул. Полины Осипенко, д. 10-1, Москва, 123007, Россия

ул. Баррикадная, д. 2/1, стр. 1, Москва, 125993, Россия

 Dr. of Med. Sci., head of the diagnostic unit, professor of chair of ophthalmology 

10-1 Poliny Osipenko st., Moscow, Russia

 2/1 Bldg. 1, Barrikadnaya St., Moscow, 125993, Russia

lusleve@yandex.ruИомдинаЕ. Н.IomdinaE. N.

  д-р биол. наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник отдела патологии рефракции, бинокулярного зрения и офтальмоэргономики 

ул. Садовая-Черногрязская, д. 14/19, Москва, 105062, Россия

 Dr. of Biol. Sci., professor, principal researcher, department of refraction pathology, binocular vision and ophthalmoergonomics 

14/19, Sadovaya-Chernogryazskaya St., Moscow, 105062, Russia

МорозоваЮ. С.MorozovaYu. S.

 врач-офтальмолог, аспирант кафедры офтальмологии 

ул. Полины Осипенко, д. 10-1, Москва, 123007, Россия

ул. Баррикадная, д. 2/1, стр. 1, Москва, 125993, Россия

 ophthalmologist, PhD student of chair of ophthalmology 

10-1 Poliny Osipenko st., Moscow, Russia

 2/1 Bldg. 1, Barrikadnaya St., Moscow, 125993, Russia

 

АнисимовС. И.AnisimovS. I.

 д-р мед. наук, профессор, научный директор, профессор кафедры офтальмологии 

ул. Полины Осипенко, д. 10-1, Москва, 123007, Россия

 ул. Делегатская, д. 20, стр. 1, Москва, 127473, Россия

 Dr. of Med. Sci., professor, scientific director, professor of chair ophthalmology 

10-1 Poliny Osipenko st., Moscow, Russia

20, bld. 1, Delegatskaya str., Moscow, 127473, Russia

АнисимоваС. Ю.AnisimovaS. Yu.

 д-р мед. наук, профессор, директор 

ул. Полины Осипенко, д. 10-1, Москва, 123007, Россия

 Dr. of Med. Sci., professor, director 

10-1 Poliny Osipenko st., Moscow, Russia

ООО «Глазной центр "Восток-Прозрение"»; ФБГОУ ДПО РМАНПО Минздрава РоссииРоссияEye center “East Sight Recovery” LLC; Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional EducationRussian FederationФГБУ «НМИЦ глазных болезней им. Гельмгольца» Минздрава РоссииРоссияHelmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye DiseasesRussian FederationООО «Глазной центр "Восток-Прозрение"»; ФГБОУ ВО МГМСУ им. А.И. Евдокимова Минздрава РоссииРоссияEye center “East Sight Recovery” LLC; Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry named after A.I. EvdokimovRussian FederationООО «Глазной центр "Восток-Прозрение"»РоссияEye center “East Sight Recovery” LLCRussian Federation202114092021143113119Copyright © Арутюнян Л.Л., Иомдина Е.Н., Морозова Ю.С., Анисимов С.И., Анисимова С.Ю., 20212021Арутюнян Л.Л., Иомдина Е.Н., Морозова Ю.С., Анисимов С.И., Анисимова С.Ю.Arutyunyan L.L., Iomdina E.N., Morozova Y.S., Anisimov S.I., Anisimova S.Y.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://roj.igb.ru/jour/article/view/730

 Представлен анализ результатов сравнительных исследований структурно–биомеханических особенностей  корнеосклеральной оболочки глаза при различных  клинических формах глаукомы. Рассмотрено возможное  влияние системного и местного дисбаланса микроэлементов, регулирующих коллагенообразование и  формирование поперечных связей в соединительнотканных структурах склеры, а также гидродинамику внутриглазной  жидкости, на уровень внутриглазного давления и тем самым  на характер развития глаукомного поражения при  глаукоме нормального давления. Анализ современной  литературы свидетельствует о перспективности дальнейшего развития исследований в этом направлении. 

The results of comparative studies of the structural and biomechanical features of the corneoscleral eye shell in various clinical forms of glaucoma are presented. The article discusses how the systemic and local imbalance of trace elements that regulate collagen biosynthesis, the formation of cross-links in the connective tissue structures of the sclera, and the hydrodynamics of the intraocular fluid, affect the intraocular pressure level, and thereby the character of the development of glaucomatous lesions in normal tension glaucoma. Modern literature is shown to indicate the prospects for further research in this direction.

первичная открытоугольная глаукомаглаукома нормального давлениябиомеханика корнеосклеральной оболочки глазабаланс микроэлементовprimary open angle glaucomanormotensive glaucomacorneoscleral shell biomechanicstrace elements balanceReferencesНестеров А.П., Алябьева Ж.Ю., Лаврентьев А.В. Глаукома нормального давления: гипотеза патогенеза. Вестник офтальмологии. 2003; 2: 3–6.Nesterov A.P., Aliab’eva Zh.Iu., Lavrent’ev A.V. Normal pressure glaucoma: a hypothesis of pathogenesis. Vestnik oftal’mologii. 2003; 2: 3–6 (In Russian).Волков В.В. Глаукома при псевдонормальном давлении. Руководство для врачей. Москва: Медицина, 2001.Volkov V.V. Glauсoma in pseudonormal intraocular pressure. Guidelines for clinicians. Мoscow: Meditsina; 2001 (In Russian).Mallick J., Devi L., Malik P.K., Mallick J. Update on normal tension glaucoma. J. Ophthalmic Vis. Res. 2016 Apr-Jun; 11 (2): 204–8. doi:10.4103/2008-322X.183914Mallick J., Devi L., Malik P.K., Mallick J. Update on normal tension glaucoma. J. Ophthalmic Vis. Res. 2016 Apr-Jun; 11 (2): 204–8. doi:10.4103/2008-322X.183914Егоров Е.А., Еричев В.П., ред. Национальное руководство по глаукоме: для практикующих врачей. 4-е изд., испр. и доп. Москва: ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2019. doi: 10.33029/9704-5442-8-GLA-2020-1-384Egorov E.A., Erichev V.P. National guidance of glaucoma. 3rd edition. Moscow: GEOTAR-Media; 2019 (in Russian). doi: 10.33029/9704-5442-8-GLA-2020-1-384Петров С.Ю. Современный взгляд на глаукому нормального давления. Вестник офтальмологии. 2020; 136 (6): 57–64. https://doi.org/10.17116/oftalma202013606157Petrov S.Yu. Modern view on normal-tension glaucoma. Vestnik oftalmologii. 2020; 136 (6): 57–64 (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.17116/oftalma202013606157Симакова И.Л., Сулейманова А.Р. Современный подход к диагностике глаукомы нормального давления с учетом особенностей ее патогенеза. Офтальмологические ведомости. 2020; 13 (1): 53–64. https://doi.org/10.17816/OV19425Simakova I.L., Suleimanova A.R. Modern approach to the diagnosis of normal tension glaucoma taking into account the features of its pathogenesis. Oftal’mologicheskie vedomosti. 2020; 13 (1): 53–64 (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.17816/OV19425Аветисов С.Э., Бубнова И.А., Антонов А.А. Исследование биомеханических свойств роговицы у пациентов с нормотензивной и первичной открытоугольной глаукомой. Вестник офтальмологии. 2008; 124 (5): 14–6.Avetisov S.E., Bubnova I.A., Antonov A.A. Vestnik oftal’mologii. 2008; 124 (5): 14–6 (in Russian).Иомдина Е.Н., Бауэр С.М., Котляр К.Е. Биомеханика глаза: теоретические аспекты и клинические приложения. Москва: Реал Тай м; 2015.Iomdina E.N., Bauer S.M., Kotliar K.E. Eye biomechanics: theoretical aspects and clinical applications. Moscow: Real Time; 2015 (in Russian).Zimprich L., Diedrich J., Bleeker A., Schweitzer J.A. Corneal Hysteresis as a biomarker of glaucoma: current insights. Clin Ophthalmol. 2020; 14: 2255–64. doi:10.2147/OPTH.S236114Zimprich L., Diedrich J., Bleeker A., Schweitzer J.A. Corneal Hysteresis as a biomarker of glaucoma: current insights. Clin Ophthalmol. 2020; 14: 2255–64. doi:10.2147/OPTH.S236114Park K., Shin J., Lee J. Relationship between corneal biomechanical properties and structural biomarkers in patients with normal-tension glaucoma: a retrospective study. BMC Ophthalmol. 2018; 18: 7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-018-0673-xPark K., Shin J., Lee J. Relationship between corneal biomechanical properties and structural biomarkers in patients with normal-tension glaucoma: a retrospective study. BMC Ophthalmol. 2018; 18: 7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-018-0673-xWells A.P., Garway-Heath D.F., Poostchi A., et al. Corneal hysteresis but not corneal thickness correlates with optic nerve surface compliance in glaucoma patients. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.. August 2008; 49: 3262–8. doi:https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.07-1556Wells A.P., Garway-Heath D.F., Poostchi A., et al. Corneal hysteresis but not corneal thickness correlates with optic nerve surface compliance in glaucoma patients. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.. August 2008; 49: 3262–8. doi:https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.07-1556Иомдина Е.Н., Арутюнян Л.Л., Катаргина Л.А., Киселева О.А., Филиппова О.М. Взаимосвязь корнеального гистерезиса и структурно-функциональных параметров зрительного нерва при разных стадиях первичной открытоугольной глаукомы. Российский офтальмологический журнал. 2009; 3: 17–23.Iomdina E.N., Arutunyan L.L., Katargina L.A., Kiseleva O.A., Filippova O.M. Interrelation between corneal hysteresis and structural functional parameters of the optic nerve in different stages of primary open angle glaucoma. Russian ophthalmological journal. 2009; 2 (3): 17–23 (In Russian).Kim Y.C., Koo Y. H., Jung K.I., Park C.K. Impact of posterior sclera on glaucoma progression in treated myopic normal-tension glaucoma using reconstructed optical coherence tomographic images. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2019; 60: 2198-207. doi: https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.19-26794Kim Y.C., Koo Y. H., Jung K.I., Park C.K. Impact of posterior sclera on glaucoma progression in treated myopic normal-tension glaucoma using reconstructed optical coherence tomographic images. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2019; 60: 2198-207. doi: https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.19-26794Park L.H.Y, Lee N.Y., Choi J.A., Park C.K. Measurement of scleral thickness using swept-source optical coherence tomography in patients with open-angle glaucoma and myopia. Am. J. Ophthalmol. 2014 Apr; 157 (4): 876–84. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2014.01.007Park L.H.Y, Lee N.Y., Choi J.A., Park C.K. Measurement of scleral thickness using swept-source optical coherence tomography in patients with open-angle glaucoma and myopia. Am. J. Ophthalmol. 2014 Apr; 157 (4): 876–84. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2014.01.007Roberts M.D., Sigal I.A., Liang Y., Burgoyne C.F., Downs J.C. Changes in the biomechanical response of the optic nerve head in early experimental glaucoma. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2010; 51 (11): 5675–84. doi: 10.1167/iovs.10-5411Roberts M.D., Sigal I.A., Liang Y., Burgoyne C.F., Downs J.C. Changes in the biomechanical response of the optic nerve head in early experimental glaucoma. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2010; 51 (11): 5675–84. doi: 10.1167/iovs.10-5411Quigley H.A. Glaucoma: Macrocosm to microcosm. The Friedenwald Lecture. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2005; 2005 Aug; 46: 2663–70. doi: 10.1167/iovs.04-1070Quigley H.A. Glaucoma: Macrocosm to microcosm. The Friedenwald Lecture. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2005; 2005 Aug; 46: 2663–70. doi: 10.1167/iovs.04-1070Киселева О.А., Иомдина Е.Н., Якубова Л.В., Хозиев Д.Д. Решетчатая пластинка склеры при глаукоме: биомеханические особенности и возможности их клинического контроля. Россий ский офтальмологический журнал. 2018; 11 (3): 76–83. https://doi.org/10.21516/2072-0076-2018-11-3-76-83Kiseleva O.A., Iomdina E.N., Yakubova L.V., Khoziev D.D. Lamina cribrosa in glaucoma: biomechanical properties and possibilities of their clinical control. Russian ophthalmological journal. 2018; 11 (3): 76–83 (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.21516/2072-0076-2018-11-3-76-83Morgan J.E. Circulation and axonal transport in the optic nerve. Eye (Lond). 2004; 18: 1089–95. doi: 10.1038/sj.eye.6701574Morgan J.E. Circulation and axonal transport in the optic nerve. Eye (Lond). 2004; 18: 1089–95. doi: 10.1038/sj.eye.6701574Midgett D., Liu B., Ling Y.T.T., Jefferys J.L., Quigley H.A., Nguyen T.D. The effects of glaucoma on the pressure-induced strain response of the human lamina cribrosa. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2020; 61 (4): 41. https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.61.4.41Midgett D., Liu B., Ling Y.T.T., Jefferys J.L., Quigley H.A., Nguyen T.D. The effects of glaucoma on the pressure-induced strain response of the human lamina cribrosa. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2020; 61 (4): 41. https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.61.4.41Burgoyne C.F., Downs J.C. Premise and prediction — how optic nerve head biomechanics underlies the susceptibility and clinical behavior of the aged optic nerve head. J.Glaucoma. Jun-Jul 2008; 17 (4): 318–28. doi: 10.1097/IJG.0b013e31815a343bBurgoyne C.F., Downs J.C. Premise and prediction — how optic nerve head biomechanics underlies the susceptibility and clinical behavior of the aged optic nerve head. J.Glaucoma. Jun-Jul 2008; 17 (4): 318–28. doi: 10.1097/IJG.0b013e31815a343bBurgoyne C.F., Downs J.C., Bellezza A.J., et al. The optic nerve head as a biomechanical structure: a new paradigm for understanding the role of IOPrelated stress and strain in the pathophysiology of glaucomatous optic nerve head damage. Prog. Retin. Eye Res. 2005 Jan; 24 (1): 39–73. doi: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2004.06.001Burgoyne C.F., Downs J.C., Bellezza A.J., et al. The optic nerve head as a biomechanical structure: a new paradigm for understanding the role of IOPrelated stress and strain in the pathophysiology of glaucomatous optic nerve head damage. Prog. Retin. Eye Res. 2005 Jan; 24 (1): 39–73. doi: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2004.06.001Sigal I.A., Flanagan J.G., Ethier C.R. Factors influencing optic nerve head biomechanics. Invest. Ophthalmol.Vis. Sci. 2005 Nov; 46 (11): 4189–99. doi: 10.1167/iovs.05-0541Sigal I.A., Flanagan J.G., Ethier C.R. Factors influencing optic nerve head biomechanics. Invest. Ophthalmol.Vis. Sci. 2005 Nov; 46 (11): 4189–99. doi: 10.1167/iovs.05-0541Geraghty B., Jones S.W., Rama P., Akhtar R., Elsheikh A. Age-related variations in the biomechanical properties of human sclera. J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater. 2012 Dec; 16: 181–91. doi: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2012.10.011Geraghty B., Jones S.W., Rama P., Akhtar R., Elsheikh A. Age-related variations in the biomechanical properties of human sclera. J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater. 2012 Dec; 16: 181–91. doi: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2012.10.011Жукова С.И., Юрьева Т.Н., Помкина И.В. Особенности нарушений регионарной гемодинамики у больных глаукомой при различном уровне внутриглазного давления. Практическая медицина. 2018; 3 (114): 57–63. https://www.yumpu.com/xx/embed/view/CrR4tY80vGXhgWiVZhukova S.I., Yurieva T.N., Pomkina I.V. Features of the disorders of regional hemodynamics in patients with glaucoma at different levels of intraocular pressure. Practical medicine. 2018; 3 (114): 57–63 (In Russian). https://www.yumpu.com/xx/embed/view/CrR4tY80vGXhgWiVPark H.Y., Jeon S.H., Park C.K. Enhanced depth imaging detects lamina cribrosa thickness differences in normal tension glaucoma and primary openangle glaucoma. Ophthalmology. 2012; 119: 10–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2011.07.033Park H.Y., Jeon S.H., Park C.K. Enhanced depth imaging detects lamina cribrosa thickness differences in normal tension glaucoma and primary openangle glaucoma. Ophthalmology. 2012; 119: 10–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2011.07.033Park H.Y., Park C.K. Diagnostic capability of lamina cribrosa thickness by enhanced depth imaging and factors affecting thickness in patients with glaucoma. 2013; 120 (4): 745–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2012.09.05Park H.Y., Park C.K. Diagnostic capability of lamina cribrosa thickness by enhanced depth imaging and factors affecting thickness in patients with glaucoma. 2013; 120 (4): 745–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2012.09.05Иомдина Е.Н., Арутюнян Л.Л., Игнатьева Н.Ю. Сравнительное изучение возрастных особенностей уровня поперечной связанности коллагена склеры пациентов с различными стадиями первичной открытоугольной глаукомы. Российский офтальмологический журнал. 2016; 9 (1): 19–26. https://doi.org/10.21516/2072-0076-2016-9-1-19-26Iomdina E.N., Arutyunyan L.L., Ignatieva N.Yu. A comparative study of agerelated level of sclera collagen crosslinking in patients with different stages of primary open angle glaucoma. Russian ophthalmological journal. 2016; 9 (1): 19–26 (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.21516/2072-0076-2016-9-1-19-26Иомдина Е.Н., Игнатьева Н.Ю., Данилов Н.А. и др. Биохимические и cтруктурно-биомеханические особенности матрикса склеры человека при первичной открытоугольной глаукоме. Вестник офтальмологии. 2011; 6: 10–4.Iomdina E.N., Ignat’eva N.Yu., Danilov N.A., et al. Biochemical, structural and biomechanical features of human scleral matrix in primary open-angle glaucoma. Vestnik oftal’mologii. 2011; 6: 10–4 (In Russian).Fratzl P. Collagen. Structure and Mechanics. Potsdam: Springer. 2008.Fratzl P. Collagen. Structure and Mechanics. Potsdam: Springer. 2008.Mott J.D., Werb Z. Regulation of matrix biology by matrix metalloproteinases. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 2004 Oct; 16 (5): 558–64. doi: 10.1016/j.ceb.2004.07.010Mott J.D., Werb Z. Regulation of matrix biology by matrix metalloproteinases. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 2004 Oct; 16 (5): 558–64. doi: 10.1016/j.ceb.2004.07.010Malemud C.J. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) in health and disease an overview. Front Biosci. 2006 May; 1 (11): 1696–701.doi: 10.2741/191Malemud C.J. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) in health and disease an overview. Front Biosci. 2006 May; 1 (11): 1696–701.doi: 10.2741/191Реброва Г.А., Бержицкая В.В., Василевский В.К., Тимофеева М.В., Хо Со Сан. Некоторые факторы старения коллагена in vivo и in vitro. Биомедицинская химия. 2003; 49 (2): 128–37.Rebrova G.A., Berzhitskaya V.V., Vasilevsky V.K., Timofeeva M.V., Ho So San. Some factors of collagen aging in vivo and in vitro. Biomedicinskaya khimija. 2003; 49 (2): 128–37 (In Russian).Welge-Lussen U., May C.A. Induction of tissue transglutaminase in the trabecular meshwork by TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta2. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2000 Jul; 41 (8): 2229–38. PMID:10892867Welge-Lussen U., May C.A. Induction of tissue transglutaminase in the trabecular meshwork by TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta2. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2000 Jul; 41 (8): 2229–38. PMID:10892867Винецкая М.И., Иомдина Е.Н. Исследование микроэлементов слезной жидкости при некоторых глазных заболеваниях. Вестник офтальмологии. 1994; 4: 24–6.Vinetskaya M.I., Iomdina E.N. Study of lacrimal fluid trace elements in several eye diseases. Vestnik Ofthal’mologii. 1994; 4: 24–6 (In Russian)].Иомдина Е.Н., Киселева О.А., Арутюнян Л.Л., Арефьева М.В. Микроэлементный дисбаланс в патогенезе первичной открытоугольной глаукомы. Российский офтальмологический журнал. 2012; 5 (1): 104–8.Iomdina Е.N., Kiseleva О.А., Arutyunyan L.L., Аrefyeva М.V. Trace element imbalance in the pathogenesis of primary open-angle glaucoma. Russian ophthalmological journal. 2012; 5 (1): 104–8 (In Russian).Kravchik M.V., Novikov I.A., Petrov S.Yu., Avetisov S.E. Bioinorganic chemistry of open-angle glaucoma: A review. Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology. 2020; 62. 126652. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126652Kravchik M.V., Novikov I.A., Petrov S.Yu., Avetisov S.E. Bioinorganic chemistry of open-angle glaucoma: A review. Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology. 2020; 62. 126652. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126652Bruhn R.L., Stamer W.D., Herrygers L.A., Levine J.M., Noecker R.J. Relationship between glaucoma and selenium levels in plasma and aqueous humour. Br. J. Ophthalmol. 2009 Sep; 93 (9): 1155–8. doi: 10.1136/bjo.2007.125997Bruhn R.L., Stamer W.D., Herrygers L.A., Levine J.M., Noecker R.J. Relationship between glaucoma and selenium levels in plasma and aqueous humour. Br. J. Ophthalmol. 2009 Sep; 93 (9): 1155–8. doi: 10.1136/bjo.2007.125997Lin S.C., Singh K., Lin S.C. Association between body levels of trace metals and glaucoma prevalence. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2015; 133 (10): 1144–50. doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2015.2438Lin S.C., Singh K., Lin S.C. Association between body levels of trace metals and glaucoma prevalence. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2015; 133 (10): 1144–50. doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2015.2438Jünemann A.G.M., Michalke B., Lucio M., et al. Aqueous humor selenium level and open-angle glaucoma. J. Trace Elem. Med. Biol. 2018; 50: 67–72. doi:10.1016/j.jtemb.2018.06.010Jünemann A.G.M., Michalke B., Lucio M., et al. Aqueous humor selenium level and open-angle glaucoma. J. Trace Elem. Med. Biol. 2018; 50: 67–72. doi:10.1016/j.jtemb.2018.06.010Goyal A., Srivastava A., Sihota R., Kaur J. Evaluation of oxidative stress markers in aqueous humor of primary open angle glaucoma and primary angle closure glaucoma patients. Curr. Eye Res. 2014 Aug; 39 (8): 823–9. doi: 10.3109/02713683.2011.556299Goyal A., Srivastava A., Sihota R., Kaur J. Evaluation of oxidative stress markers in aqueous humor of primary open angle glaucoma and primary angle closure glaucoma patients. Curr. Eye Res. 2014 Aug; 39 (8): 823–9. doi: 10.3109/02713683.2011.556299Hohberger B., Chaudhri M.A., Michalke B., et al. Levels of aqueous humor trace elements in patients with open-angle glaucoma. J. Trace Elem. Med. Biol. 2018; 45: 150–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtemb.2017.10.003Hohberger B., Chaudhri M.A., Michalke B., et al. Levels of aqueous humor trace elements in patients with open-angle glaucoma. J. Trace Elem. Med. Biol. 2018; 45: 150–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtemb.2017.10.003Michalke B. Trace elements in glaucoma — the impact of analytics. Acta Ophthalmologica. Abstracts from the 2019 European Association for Vision and Eye Research Conference. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-3768.2019.815Michalke B. Trace elements in glaucoma — the impact of analytics. Acta Ophthalmologica. Abstracts from the 2019 European Association for Vision and Eye Research Conference. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-3768.2019.815Fick A., Jünemann A., Michalke B., Lucio M., Hohberger B. Levels of serum trace elements in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma. J. Trace Elem. Med. Biol. 2019; 53: 129–34. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.jtemb.2019.02.006Fick A., Jünemann A., Michalke B., Lucio M., Hohberger B. Levels of serum trace elements in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma. J. Trace Elem. Med. Biol. 2019; 53: 129–34. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.jtemb.2019.02.006Akyol N., Deger O., Keha E.E., Kilic S. Aqueous humour and serum zinc and copper concentrations of patients with glaucoma and cataract. Br. J. Ophthalmol. 1990 Nov; 74 (11): 661–2. doi: 10.1136/bjo.74.11.661Akyol N., Deger O., Keha E.E., Kilic S. Aqueous humour and serum zinc and copper concentrations of patients with glaucoma and cataract. Br. J. Ophthalmol. 1990 Nov; 74 (11): 661–2. doi: 10.1136/bjo.74.11.661Cumurcu T., Mendil D., Etikan I. Levels of zinc, iron, and copper in patients with pseudoexfoliative cataract. Eur. J. Ophthalmol. Jul-Aug 2006; 16 (4): 548–53. doi: 10.1177/112067210601600408Cumurcu T., Mendil D., Etikan I. Levels of zinc, iron, and copper in patients with pseudoexfoliative cataract. Eur. J. Ophthalmol. Jul-Aug 2006; 16 (4): 548–53. doi: 10.1177/112067210601600408Panteli V.S., Kanellopoulou D.G., Gartaganis S.P., Koutsoukos P.G. Application of anodic stripping voltammetry for zinc, copper, and cadmium quantification in the aqueous humor: implications of pseudoexfoliation syndrome. Biol. Trace Elem. Res. 2009; 132 (1–3): 9–18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-009-8380-3Panteli V.S., Kanellopoulou D.G., Gartaganis S.P., Koutsoukos P.G. Application of anodic stripping voltammetry for zinc, copper, and cadmium quantification in the aqueous humor: implications of pseudoexfoliation syndrome. Biol. Trace Elem. Res. 2009; 132 (1–3): 9–18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-009-8380-3Иомдина Е.Н., Киселева О.А., Качан О.В., Жуков С.Р. Микроэлементный состав водянистой влаги при глаукоме и катаракте как фактор ее метаболической активности и гидродинамики. В кн.: Биомеханика глаза. Москва; 2005: 123–7.Iomdina E.N., Kiseleva O.A., Kachan O.V., Zhukov S.R. Trace element content of aqueous humor as a factor of its metabolic activity and hydrodynamics in glaucoma and cataract. In: Ocular Biomechanics. Moscow; 2005: 74–8 (In Russian).Иомдина Е.Н., Киселева О.А., Филатова И.А., Арефьева М.В., Арутюнян Л.Л., Хорошева Е.В. Изучение местного микроэлементного баланса как фактора, влияющего на биомеханические показатели корнеосклеральной капсулы глаза при первичной открытоугольной глаукоме. В кн.: Биомеханика глаза. Москва; 2009: 114–8.Iomdina E.N., Kiseleva O.A., Filatova I.A., Аrefyeva М.V., Arutyunyan L.L., Khorosheva E.V. A study of trace elements balance as a factor influencing the biomechanical parameters of the corneoscleral shell of the eye in open angle glaucoma In: Ocular Biomechanics. Moscow; 2009: 114–8 (In Russian).Ugarte M., Osborne N.N. Recent advances in the understanding of the role of zinc in ocular tissues. Metallomics. 2014 Feb; 6 (2): 189–200. doi: 10.1039/c3mt00291hUgarte M., Osborne N.N. Recent advances in the understanding of the role of zinc in ocular tissues. Metallomics. 2014 Feb; 6 (2): 189–200. doi: 10.1039/c3mt00291hBocca B., Forte G., Pisano A., et al. A pilot study to evaluate the levels of aqueous humor trace elements in open-angle glaucoma. J. Trace Elem. Med. Biol. 2020; 61. 126560. doi:10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126560Bocca B., Forte G., Pisano A., et al. A pilot study to evaluate the levels of aqueous humor trace elements in open-angle glaucoma. J. Trace Elem. Med. Biol. 2020; 61. 126560. doi:10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126560Winum J.Y., Scozzafava A., Montero J.L., Supuran C.T. Metal binding functions in the design of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Current topics in medicinal chemistry. 2007; 7 (9): 835–48.Winum J.Y., Scozzafava A., Montero J.L., Supuran C.T. Metal binding functions in the design of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Current topics in medicinal chemistry. 2007; 7 (9): 835–48.Trakhtenberg E.F., Li Y., Feng Q., et al. Zinc chelation and Klf9 knockdown cooperatively promote axon regeneration after optic nerve injury. Exp. Neurol. 2018; 300: 22–9.Trakhtenberg E.F., Li Y., Feng Q., et al. Zinc chelation and Klf9 knockdown cooperatively promote axon regeneration after optic nerve injury. Exp. Neurol. 2018; 300: 22–9.Lin Y., Epstein D.L., Liton P.B. Intralysosomal iron induces lysosomal membrane permeabilization and cathepsin D-mediated cell death in trabecular meshwork cells exposed to oxidative stress. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2010; 51 (12): 6483–95. doi:10.1167/iovs.10-5410Lin Y., Epstein D.L., Liton P.B. Intralysosomal iron induces lysosomal membrane permeabilization and cathepsin D-mediated cell death in trabecular meshwork cells exposed to oxidative stress. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2010; 51 (12): 6483–95. doi:10.1167/iovs.10-5410O ' Dell B.L. Roles for iron and copper in connective tissue biosynthesis. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B. Biol. Sci 1981; 29 (1071): 91–104.O ' Dell B.L. Roles for iron and copper in connective tissue biosynthesis. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B. Biol. Sci 1981; 29 (1071): 91–104.Yamasaki K., Hagiwara H. Excess iron inhibits osteoblast metabolism. Toxicol. Lett. 2009; 191 (2–3): 211–5.Yamasaki K., Hagiwara H. Excess iron inhibits osteoblast metabolism. Toxicol. Lett. 2009; 191 (2–3): 211–5.Торшин И.Ю., Громова О.А. Дисплазия соединительной ткани, клеточная биология и молекулярные механизмы воздействия магния. Российский медицинский журнал. 2008; 16 (4): 230–8.Torshin I.Yu., Gromova O.A. Connective tissue dysplasia, cell biology and molecular mechanisms of magnesium action. Rossijskij medicinskij zhurnal. 2008; 16 (4): 230–8 (In Russian).Кудрин А.В., Громова О.А. Микроэлементы в неврологии. Москва: ГЭОТАР-Медиа; 2006.Кудрин А.В., Громова О.А. Микроэлементы в неврологии. Москва: ГЭОТАР-Медиа; 2006. [Kudrin A.V., Gromova O.A. Trace elements in neurology. Moscow: GEOTAR-Media; 2006 (In Russian)].Johnson S. The multifaceted and widespread pathology of magnesium deficiency. Med. Hypotheses. 2001; 56 (2): 163–70.Johnson S. The multifaceted and widespread pathology of magnesium deficiency. Med. Hypotheses. 2001; 56 (2): 163–70.Ekici F., KorkmazŞ., Karaca E.E., et al. The role of magnesium in the pathogenesis and treatment of glaucoma. International Scholarly Research Notices. 2014, Article ID 745439, 7 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/745439Ekici F., KorkmazŞ., Karaca E.E., et al. The role of magnesium in the pathogenesis and treatment of glaucoma. International Scholarly Research Notices. 2014, Article ID 745439, 7 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/745439Громова О.А., Торшин И.Ю. Дисплазия соединительной ткани. Российский медицинский журнал. 2008; 8 (6): 9–16.Gromova O.A., Torshin I.Yu. Connective tissue dysplasia. Rossijskij medicinskij zhurnal. 2008; 8 (6): 9–16 (In Russian).Senni K., Foucault-Bertaud A., Godeau G. Magnesium and connective tissue. Magnes. Res. 2003. 16 (1): 70–4.Senni K., Foucault-Bertaud A., Godeau G. Magnesium and connective tissue. Magnes. Res. 2003. 16 (1): 70–4.Wang S.Y., Singh K., Lin S.C. The association between glaucoma prevalence and supplementation with the oxidants calcium and iron. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2012 Feb 13; 53 (2): 725–31. doi: 10.1167/iovs.11-9038Wang S.Y., Singh K., Lin S.C. The association between glaucoma prevalence and supplementation with the oxidants calcium and iron. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2012 Feb 13; 53 (2): 725–31. doi: 10.1167/iovs.11-9038Giordano R., Costantini S., Vernillo I., Rizzica M. Atomic absorption techniques for the microdetermination of multielements in whole tear film. Atomic Spectroscopy. 1983; 4 (4): 157–9.Giordano R., Costantini S., Vernillo I., Rizzica M. Atomic absorption techniques for the microdetermination of multielements in whole tear film. Atomic Spectroscopy. 1983; 4 (4): 157–9.Киселева О.А., Иомдина Е.Н., Василенкова Л.В. и др. Применение магний-содержащего препарата для лечения больных с первичной открытоугольной глаукомой (ПОУГ). Фарматека. 2012; 3: 91–5.Kiseleva O.A., Iomdina E.N., Vasilenkova L.V., et al. Use of magnesium-containing drug for the treatment of patients with primary open angle glaucoma. Farmateka. 2012; 3: 91–5 (In Russian).Gaspar A. Z., Gasser P., Flammer J. The influence of magnesium on visual field and peripheral vasospasm in glaucoma. Ophthalmologica. 1995; 209 (1): 11–3. doi: 10.1159/000310566Gaspar A. Z., Gasser P., Flammer J. The influence of magnesium on visual field and peripheral vasospasm in glaucoma. Ophthalmologica. 1995; 209 (1): 11–3. doi: 10.1159/000310566Aydin B., Önol M., Hondur A., et al. The effect of oral magnesium therapy on visual field and ocular blood flow in normotensive glaucoma. Eur. J. Ophthalmol. Jan-Feb 2010; 20 (1): 131–5. doi: 10.1177/112067211002000118Aydin B., Önol M., Hondur A., et al. The effect of oral magnesium therapy on visual field and ocular blood flow in normotensive glaucoma. Eur. J. Ophthalmol. Jan-Feb 2010; 20 (1): 131–5. doi: 10.1177/112067211002000118Иомдина Е.Н., Киселева О.А., Василенкова Л.В., Арефьева М.В., Арутюнян Л.Л., Курылева И.М., Кантаржи Е.П. Влияние коррекции уровня магния на внутриглазное давление и биомеханические показатели корнеосклеральной капсулы больных с первичной открытоугольной глаукомой. Российский офтальмологический журнал. 2012; 5 (4): 27–32Iomdina E.N., Kiseleva O.A., Vasilenkova L.V., Arefyeva M.V., Arutyunyan L.L., Kuryleva I.M., Kantarzhi E.P. Impact of magnesium level correction on intraocular pressure and biomechanical parameters of the corneoscleral capsule of patients with primary open-angle glaucoma. Russian ophthalmological journal. 2012; 5 (4): 27–32 (In Russian).Аветисов С.Э., Еричев В.П., Яременко Т.В. Обоснование ней ропротекции при глаукоме. Национальный журнал глаукома. 2019; 18 (1): 85–94. https://doi.org/10.25700/NJG.2019.01.10Avetisov S.E., Erichev V.P., Yaremenko T.V. Rationale for neuroprotection in glaucoma. Natsional’nyi zhurnal glaukoma. 2019; 18 (1): 85–94 (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.25700/NJG.2019.01.10Ceylan O.M., Demirdog̈ en B.C., Mumcuog ̆ lu T., Aykut O. ̆ Evaluation of essential and toxic trace elements in pseudoexfoliation syndrome and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma. Biol. Trace Elem. Res. 2013 Jun; 153 (1–3): 28–34. doi: 10.1007/s12011-013-9644-5Ceylan O.M., Demirdog̈ en B.C., Mumcuog ̆ lu T., Aykut O. ̆ Evaluation of essential and toxic trace elements in pseudoexfoliation syndrome and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma. Biol. Trace Elem. Res. 2013 Jun; 153 (1–3): 28–34. doi: 10.1007/s12011-013-9644-5Lee S.H., Kang E.M., Kim G.A., et al. Three toxic heavy metals in open-angle glaucoma with low-teen and high- teen intraocular pressure: a cross-sectional study from South Korea. PLoS One. 2016; 11 (10): e0164983. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0164983Lee S.H., Kang E.M., Kim G.A., et al. Three toxic heavy metals in open-angle glaucoma with low-teen and high- teen intraocular pressure: a cross-sectional study from South Korea. PLoS One. 2016; 11 (10): e0164983. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0164983

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.