helmholtzeyeinstituteРоссийский офтальмологический журналRussian Ophthalmological Journal2072-00762587-5760Real time Publishers10.21516/2072-0076-2021-14-4-158-163helmholtzeyeinstitute-802Research ArticleОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫREVIEWSИсторические аспекты и современные представления об этиопатогенезе и клинических проявлениях ямок диска зрительного нерваHistorical aspects and current views of the etiopathogenesis and clinical manifestations of optic nerve pitsМускатинаЕ. В.MuskatinaE. V.

Елена Викторовна Мускатина — врач-офтальмолог диагностического отделения

ул. Лермонтова, д. 337, Иркутск, 664033

Elena V. Muskatina — ophthalmologist of the diagnostics department

337, Lermontov St., Irkutsk, 664033

muskatina.77@mail.ruСамсоновД. Ю.SamsonovD. Yu.

Дмитрий Юрьевич Самсонов — канд. мед. наук, врач-офтальмолог диагностического отделения, врач-офтальмолог

ул. Лермонтова, д. 337, Иркутск, 664033

ул. Красного Восстания, д. 1, Иркутск, 664003

Dmitry Yu. Samsonov — Cand. of Med. Sci., ophthalmologist of the diagnostics department, ophthalmologist

337, Lermontov St., Irkutsk, 664033

1, Krasnogo Vosstaniya St., Irkutsk, 664003

ЖуковаС. И.ZhukovaS. I.

Светлана Ивановна Жукова — канд. мед. наук, заведующая диагностическим отделением

ул. Лермонтова, д. 337, Иркутск, 664033

Svetlana I. Zhukova — Cand. of Med. Sci., ophthalmologist, head of the diagnostics department

337, Lermontov St., Irkutsk, 664033

ЩукоА. Г.ShchukoА. G.

Андрей Геннадьевич Щуко — д-р мед. наук, профессор, директор, зав. кафедрой офтальмологии, зав. кафедрой глазных болезней

ул. Лермонтова, д. 337, Иркутск, 664033

мкр-н Юбилейный, д. 100, Иркутск, 664049

ул. Красного Восстания, д. 1, Иркутск, 664003

Andrey G. Shchuko — Dr. of Med. Sci., professor, director, ophthalmology, head of chair of eye diseases

337, Lermontov St., Irkutsk, 664033

100, Yubileiny living area, Irkutsk, 664049

1, Krasnogo Vosstaniya St., Irkutsk, 664003

Иркутский филиал ФГАУ НМИЦ «МНТК "Микрохирургия глаза" им. акад. С.Н. Федорова» Минздрава РоссииРоссияIrkutsk Branch of S.N. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery ClinicRussian FederationИркутский филиал ФГАУ НМИЦ «МНТК "Микрохирургия глаза" им. акад. С.Н. Федорова» Минздрава России; ФГБОУ ВО «Иркутский государственный медицинcкий университет» Минздрава РоссииРоссияIrkutsk Branch of S.N. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Clinic; Irkutsk State Medical UniversityRussian FederationИркутский филиал ФГАУ НМИЦ «МНТК "Микрохирургия глаза" им. акад. С.Н. Федорова» Минздрава России; Иркутская государственная академия постдипломного образования — филиал ФГБОУ ДПО РНМАПО Минздрава России; ФГБОУ ВО «Иркутский государственный медицинcкий университет» Минздрава РоссииРоссияIrkutsk Branch of S.N. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Clinic; Irkutsk State Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education; Irkutsk State Medical UniversityRussian Federation202104012022144158163Copyright © Мускатина Е.В., Самсонов Д.Ю., Жукова С.И., Щуко А.Г., 20222022Мускатина Е.В., Самсонов Д.Ю., Жукова С.И., Щуко А.Г.Muskatina E.V., Samsonov D.Y., Zhukova S.I., Shchuko А.G.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://roj.igb.ru/jour/article/view/802

Ямки диска зрительного нерва (ДЗН) представляют собой моно- или билатеральную врожденную аномалию в виде углублений различного размера в ДЗН, которые в половине случаев сопровождаются развитием таких осложнений, как отек, центральная отслойка сетчатки и ретиношизис, и вызывают снижение зрительных функций. При этом уменьшение остроты зрения может быть как незначительным, так и выраженным. Несмотря на многочисленные исследования ямок ДЗН в течение последних полутора веков, их этиология до сих пор изучена слабо. Однако в настоящее время развитие цифровых технологий сканирования и обработки данных, а также появление неинвазивных высокоинформативных методов диагностики дали возможность выявления не только гистологических изменений ДЗН на кадаверных глазах, но и его структурно-функциональных изменений in vivo.

Optic nerve pits are a mono- or bilateral congenital anomaly represented by optic disc depressions of various sizes. In half of the cases, the pits are complicated by edema, central retinal detachment and retinoschisis, and cause visual function decrease. Visual acuity losses can be either insignificant or pronounced. Optic discs pits have been investigated massively over the last century and a half, but their etiology is still underresearched. In recent years, however, due to the development of digital scanning and data processing technologies and the emergence of non-invasive highly informative diagnostic methods, it has become possible to reveal structural and functional changes of the optic disc in vivo, in addition to the traditional detection of histological changes in cadaveric eyes.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.