helmholtzeyeinstituteРоссийский офтальмологический журналRussian Ophthalmological Journal2072-00762587-5760Real time Publishers10.21516/2072-0076-2021-14-4-164-171helmholtzeyeinstitute-803Research ArticleОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫREVIEWSЭкспериментальные модели глаукомыExperimental Models of Glaucomahttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6841-3547ОнуфрийчукО. Н.OnufriichukO. N.

Олег Николаевич Онуфрийчук — канд. мед. наук, офтальмолог

ул. Парковая, д. 64-68, Пушкин, Санкт-Петербург, 196603

Oleg N. Onufriichuk — Cand. of Med. Sci., ophthalmologist

64-68 Parkovaya st., Pushkin, Saint-Petersburg, 196603

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4611-9931ГазизоваИ. Р.GazizovaI. R.

Ильмира Рифовна Газизова — д-р мед. наук, заведующая отделением

ул. Академика Павлова, д. 9, Санкт-Петербург, 197376

Ilmira R. Gazizova — Dr. of Med. Sci., head of the ophthalmological department

9, Akademika Pavlova st., 197376, Saint-Petersburg

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7743-3689КуроедовА. В.KuroyedovA. V.

Александр Владимирович Куроедов — д-р мед. наук, начальник отделения, профессор кафедры офтальмологии

ул. Большая Оленья, владение 8а, Москва, 107014

ул. Островитянова, д. 1, Москва, 117997

Alexander V. Kuroyedov — Dr. of Med. Sci., head of the ophthalmological department, professor, chair of ophthalmology

8а, Bol’shaya Olen’ya st., Moscow, 107014

1, Ostrovitianov st., Moscow, 117997

akuroyedov@hotmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4583-6050СелезневА. В.SeleznevА. V.

Алексей Владимирович Селезнев — канд. мед. наук, доцент кафедры оториноларингологии и офтальмологии

пр. Шереметевский, д. 8, Иваново, 153012

Alexey V. Seleznev — Cand. of Med. Sci., assistant professor, chair of otolaryngology and ophthalmology

8, Sheremetevskiy av., Ivanovo, 153012

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5597-983XБрежневА. Ю.BrezhnevA. Yu.

Андрей Юрьевич Брежнев — канд. мед. наук, доцент кафедры офтальмологии

ул. К. Маркса, д. 3, Курск, 305041

Andrey Yu. Brezhnev — Cand. of Med. Sci., assistant professor, chair of ophthalmology

3, Karl Marx st., Kursk, 305041

ФГБУ «НМИЦ детской травматологии и ортопедии им. Г.И. Турнера» Минздрава РоссииРоссияTurner National Medical Research Center for Сhildren's Orthopedics and Trauma SurgeryRussian FederationФГБУН «Институт мозга человека им. Н.П. Бехтеревой» Российской академии наук (ИМЧ РАН)РоссияN.P. Bekhtereva Institute of the Human Brain of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IHB RAS)Russian FederationФГУ «Центральный военный клинический госпиталь им. П.В. Мандрыка» Минобороны России; ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава РоссииРоссияMandryka Central Clinical Hospital; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical UniversityRussian FederationФГБОУ ВО «Ивановская государственная медицинская академия» Минздрава РоссииРоссияIvanovo State Medical AcademyRussian FederationФГБОУ ВО «Курский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава РоссииРоссияKursk State Medical UniversityRussian Federation202104012022144164171Copyright © Онуфрийчук О.Н., Газизова И.Р., Куроедов А.В., Селезнев А.В., Брежнев А.Ю., 20222022Онуфрийчук О.Н., Газизова И.Р., Куроедов А.В., Селезнев А.В., Брежнев А.Ю.Onufriichuk O.N., Gazizova I.R., Kuroyedov A.V., Seleznev А.V., Brezhnev A.Y.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://roj.igb.ru/jour/article/view/803

Моделирование глаукомного процесса является одной из сложных задач офтальмологии. Cвязано это в первую очередь с тем, что до сих пор не определены основные причины возникновения и прогрессирования глаукомы. Многочисленные экспериментальные исследования в своей основе моделируют офтальмогипертензию. Однако существуют формы глаукомы, которые не зависят от уровня внутриглазного давления. Идеальной моделью глаукомы считается модель с развитием характерного симптомокомплекса, в котором ключевым симптомом являлась бы медленно прогрессирующая экскавация диска зрительного нерва. Но с учетом новых знаний о патогенезе нейродегенеративных изменений при глаукоме к этой модели необходимо добавить и возможность изучения головного мозга, сосудистых факторов прогрессирования, уровня нейромедиаторов, трофических факторов и т. д. В обзоре представлены модели глауком на различных экспериментальных животных с целью определения наиболее адекватной модели для изучения патогенеза глаукомного процесса.

Optic nerve pits are a mono- or bilateral congenital anomaly represented by optic disc depressions of various sizes. In half of the cases, the pits are complicated by edema, central retinal detachment and retinoschisis, and cause visual function decrease. Visual acuity losses can be either insignificant or pronounced. Optic discs pits have been investigated massively over the last century and a half, but their etiology is still underresearched. In recent years, however, due to the development of digital scanning and data processing technologies and the emergence of non-invasive highly informative diagnostic methods, it has become possible to reveal structural and functional changes of the optic disc in vivo, in addition to the traditional detection of histological changes in cadaveric eyes.Glaucomatous process modeling is one of the challenges in ophthalmology. And this is due primarily to the fact that, so far, the main reasons for the onset and progression of glaucoma. Numerous works on experimental research in its core model ocular. However, there are forms of glaucoma, which are independent of the level of intraocular pressure. Ideal model of glaucoma is considered a model with the development of the characteristic symptom in which a key symptom is a slowly progressive excavation of the optic nerve. But given the new knowledge in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative changes in glaucoma in this model should be added and the opportunity to study the brain, vascular factors of progression, the level of neurotransmitters, trophic factors, etc. Therefore, we tried to make the analysis of models of glaucoma in various experimental animals and determine the most appropriate model for studying the pathogenesis of glaucoma.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.