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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">helmholtzeyeinstitute</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский офтальмологический журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Ophthalmological Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-0076</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-5760</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Real time Publishers</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21516/2072-0076-2022-15-1-32-38</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">helmholtzeyeinstitute-884</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Функциональные и структурные особенности сетчатки, характеристики фиксации и их корреляции с остротой зрения при нистагме и амблиопии различного генеза</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Functional and structural features of the retina, fixation characteristics and their correlations with visual acuity in nystagmus and amblyopia of various origins</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нероев</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Neroev</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Владимир Владимирович Нероев - академик РАН, д-р мед. наук, профессор, директор, заведующий кафедрой глазных болезней</p><p>ул. Садовая-Черногрязская, д. 14/19, Москва, 105062</p><p>ул. Делегатская, д. 20, стр. 1, Москва, 127473</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir V. Neroev - Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Dr. of Med. Sci., professor, director, head of chair of ophthalmology</p><p>14/19, Sadovaya-Chernogryazskaya St., Moscow, 105062</p><p>20/1, Delegatskaya St., Moscow, 127473</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тарутта</surname><given-names>Е. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tarutta</surname><given-names>E. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Елена Петровна Тарутта - д-р мед. наук, профессор, начальник отдела патологии рефракции бинокулярного зрения и офтальмоэргономики</p><p>ул. Садовая-Черногрязская, д. 14/19, Москва, 105062</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena P. Tarutta - Dr. of Med. Sci., professor, head of the department of refraction pathology, binocular vision and ophthalmoergonomics</p><p>14/19, Sadovaya-Chernogryazskaya St., Moscow, 105062</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хубиева</surname><given-names>Р. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khubieva</surname><given-names>R. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Регина Расуловна Хубиева - аспирантка отдела патологии рефракции бинокулярного зрения и офтальмоэргономики</p><p>ул. Садовая-Черногрязская, д. 14/19, Москва, 105062</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Regina R. Khubieva - PhD student, department of refraction pathology, binocular vision and ophthalmoergonomics1</p><p>14/19, Sadovaya-Chernogryazskaya St., Moscow, 105062</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">reginahubieva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Апаев</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Apaev</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Вячеславович Апаев - научный сотрудник отдела патологии рефракции бинокулярного зрения и офтальмоэргономики</p><p>ул. Садовая-Черногрязская, д. 14/19, Москва, 105062</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander V. Apaev - researcher, department of refraction pathology, binocular vision and ophthalmoergonomics</p><p>14/19, Sadovaya-Chernogryazskaya St., Moscow, 105062</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «НМИЦ глазных болезней им. Гельмгольца» Минздрава России; ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет им. А.И. Евдокимова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases; Evdokimov Moscow State Medical Stomatological University of Medicine and Dentistry</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «НМИЦ глазных болезней им. Гельмгольца» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>03</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>32</fpage><lpage>38</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Нероев В.В., Тарутта Е.П., Хубиева Р.Р., Апаев А.В., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Нероев В.В., Тарутта Е.П., Хубиева Р.Р., Апаев А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Neroev V.V., Tarutta E.P., Khubieva R.R., Apaev A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://roj.igb.ru/jour/article/view/884">https://roj.igb.ru/jour/article/view/884</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель работы - изучить параметры зрительной фиксации, светочувствительности сетчатки в макулярной области, толщины центральной области сетчатки и хориоидеи и их взаимосвязь с максимально корригированной остротой зрения (МКОЗ) и рефракцией при нистагме и различных видах амблиопии.Материал и методы. В исследование включены 65 пациентов в возрасте от 5 до 44 лет (в среднем 12,61 ± 7,12 года). Пациенты разделены на группы в зависимости от вида амблиопии и сопутствующих состояний (при нистагме), группу контроля составили лица той же возрастной группы без офтальмопатологии. Светочувствительность сетчатки и параметры фиксации исследовали на микропериметре MP-3 Nidek (Япония). Хориоретинальные параметры оценивали с помощью спектрального оптического когерентного томографа RS-3000 Advance 2 (Nidek, Япония).Результаты. Светочувствительность сетчатки в группах с нистагмом и относительной амблиопией при врожденной миопии была ниже, чем в группе контроля. Показатели плотности и стабильности фиксации были наиболее низкими при нистагме и дисбинокулярной амблиопии. Во всех группах с нистагмом выявлен более сглаженный профиль фовеальной области, чем в группе контроля. Наиболее грубые нарушения дифференцировки центральной ямки выявлены при нистагме в сочетании с врожденной миопией. При нистагме, рефракционной и дисбинокулярной амблиопии выявлена значимая корреляционная связь показателей МКОЗ и плотности фиксации. В группах, ассоциированных с врожденной близорукостью, выявлена связь между МКОЗ, сфероэквивалентом рефракции и фовеальной светочувствительностью.Заключение. При нистагме наблюдаются нарушения и фиксации, и светочувствительности. При относительной амблиопии вследствие врожденной миопии нарушается светочувствительность при нормальных показателях фиксации. При дисбинокулярной и рефракционной амблиопии светочувствительность сетчатки остается в пределах нормы, параметры фиксации снижаются незначительно.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Purpose. To study the parameters of visual fixation, photosensitivity of the retina in the macular region, thickness of the central region of the retina and the choroid and their relationship with the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and refraction in nystagmus and various types of amblyopia.Material and methods. 65 patients aged 5 to 44 (mean age 12.61 ± 7.12 years) were divided into 6 groups depending on the type of amblyopia and associated conditions. The control group was composed of subjects of the same age range without eye pathologies. The retinal photosensitivity and fixation parameters were studied using an MP-3 Nidek microperimeter (Japan). Chorioretinal parameters were evaluated using an RS-3000 Advance 2 spectral optical coherence tomograph (Nidek, Japan).Results. Retinal photosensitivity was lower in the groups with nystagmus and relative amblyopia in congenital myopia compared with the control group. The indices of density and stability of fixation were the lowest in nystagmus and dysbinocular amblyopia. In all groups with nystagmus, a smoother profile of the foveal region was revealed as compared to the control group. The grossest violations of the differentiation of the central fossa were found in nystagmus in combination with congenital myopia. In nystagmus, refractive and dysbinocular amblyopia, a significant correlation was found between the indicators of BCVA and the density of fixation. In the groups associated with congenital myopia, a relationship was found between BCVA, refraction, and foveal photosensitivity.Conclusion. With nystagmus, violations of both fixation and photosensitivity are revealed. With relative amblyopia due to congenital myopia, the fixation is normal while photosensitivity is impaired. With dysbinocular and refractive amblyopia, the photosensitivity of the retina remains within the normal range, and the fixation parameters are slightly reduced.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>нистагм</kwd><kwd>амблиопия</kwd><kwd>микропериметрия</kwd><kwd>оптическая когерентная томография</kwd><kwd>фиксация</kwd><kwd>светочувствительность сетчатки</kwd><kwd>сетчатка</kwd><kwd>хориоидея</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>nystagmus</kwd><kwd>amblyopia</kwd><kwd>microperimetry</kwd><kwd>optical coherence tomography</kwd><kwd>fixation</kwd><kwd>retinal photosensitivity</kwd><kwd>retina</kwd><kwd>choroid</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Тарутта Е.П., Чернышева С.Г., Губкина Г.Л. и др. Новый способ диагностики и оценки эффективности лечения оптического нистагма с использованием микропериметрии. 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