Поражение органа зрения при COVID-19. Часть 2: осложнения со стороны заднего отрезка глаза, нейроофтальмологические проявления, вакцинация и факторы риска

Поражения заднего отрезка глаза при COVID-19 имеют различные проявления: сосудистые, воспалительные и нейрональные. Все они вызваны вирусом SARS-CoV-2 , тем не менее их невозможно характеризовать как специфичные для COVID-19. Средний возраст пациентов, согласно данным литературы, колеблется от 17 до 75 лет и составляет 50 лет. Средняя продолжительность между появлением офтальмологических симптомов и выявлением COVID-19 составила 12 дней. Заболевание в равной степени поражает как мужчин, так и женщин. Прямое воздействие вируса, иммуноопосредованное повреждение тканей, активация системы свертывания и протромботическое состояние, вызванное вирусной инфекцией, сопутствующие заболевания и лекарственные препараты, используемые при лечении, влияют на развитие офтальмопатологии. Офтальмологи должны быть осведомлены о возможных связях патологии заднего отрезка глаза, орбиты и нейроофтальмологических расстройств с SARS-CoV-2, а также о возможном обострении хронических форм воспалительных заболеваний глаз и аутоиммунных нарушений вследствие вакцинации от COVID-19.

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