Certain chorioretinal parameters of the eye in congenital and acquired myopia and their relationship with anatomical and optical parameters

Purpose: to assess the thickness of the central region of the retina and choroid, the layer of nerve fibers in the macular and peripapillary regions, the density of the superficial and deep plexus of the retina and the choroid in congenital and acquired myopia and see how they are related with the refraction and axial length of the eye.

Material and methods. 33 patients aged 6 to 16 (averagely, 12.07 ± 3.09 years) were divided into 3 groups: 1) with congenital myopia (23 eyes), 2) with acquired myopia (9 eyes), and 3) the control group with emmetropia (20 eyes). Chorioretinal and hemodynamic parameters were determined using an RS-3000 Advance 2 spectral optical coherence tomograph (Nidek, Japan). Correlation analysis was performed using Pearson’s linear correlation coefficient (r).

Results. Structural changes in the sensory and vascular membranes of the eye were revealed in both myopic groups as compared to the control group. Of the two clinical groups, more severe structural disorders were found in congenital myopia. Hemodynamic parameters revealed abnormalities in the deep retinal layers, as well as in the choriocapillary layer. The comparative analysis showed that morphological changes in the posterior pole have a stronger correlation with anatomical parameters as compared to optical ones.

Conclusion. Optical coherence tomography is an informative method of differential diagnosis, monitoring, and prognostication of changes in the posterior pole in myopia.

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