Факторы риска, диагностика и лечение расплавления роговицы после факоэмульсификации катаракты

Воспалительные осложнения факоэмульсификации катаракты (ФЭК) относятся к числу неотложных состояний, потенциально угрожающих потерей зрения. Расплавление роговицы является редко встречающимся, но клинически значимым состоянием, предшествующим перфорации роговицы. Основными факторами риска его развития являются применение нестероидных противовоспалительных средств (НПВС), тяжелые формы синдрома сухого глаза (ССГ) и ревматические заболевания у пациента. В работе представлен обзор литературы и анализ длительного (5 лет) клинического наблюдения расплавления роговицы после ФЭК у пациентки с тяжелой формой ССГ, не диагностированной до операции. Обсуждаются возможности и ограничения различных методов лечения расплавления роговицы на стадиях персистирующего эпителиального дефекта и язвы роговицы. Рассматривается механизм развития заболевания и его связи с патогенезом ССГ, а также роль местного применения НПВС как триггера инициации и прогрессирования процесса расплавления роговицы.

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