Retinopathy of prematurity in adult patients: clinical outcomes and complications

The aim of the work is to study the clinical and functional state of the eyes and complications of ROP in patients over 18 years old who applied to the Center.

Material and methods. 66 young adults from 18 to 35 years old (on average, 22.68 ± 0.58 years) with cicatricial retinopathy of prematurity were examined. All patients underwent a comprehensive ophthalmological examination, including standard methods (visometry, refractometry, tonometry, biomicroscopy, ophthalmoscopy), as well as computer perimetry, EPS, ultrasound, optical coherence tomography, etc. (as indicated).

Results. Favorable outcomes (residual changes in cicatricial RP of I–III degree) were diagnosed in 78% of eyes, unfavorable (cicatricial RP of IV–V degree) — in 22%. In most cases, visual acuity was reduced — 73,5%. Refractive anomalies were detected in 97%, of which 78% were moderate and high myopia. Late complications developed in 59.8% of cases: peripheral retinal dystrophies — 55.7%, retinal detachment — 16.5%, complicated cataract — 11.4%, secondary glaucoma — 3.8%, etc. Treatment depended on the type and severity of complications.

Conclusion. All patients who had ROP in neonatal age, regardless of whether there was spontaneous regression of the disease or treatment (retinal coagulation, intravitreal administration of angiogenesis inhibitors, microsurgical interventions), should be monitored by an ophthalmologist for life and regularly. It is necessary to conduct a thorough, comprehensive examination of the anterior and posterior segments of the eye, for the purpose of early detection and timely treatment of late complications.

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