Geroprotective technologies in the prevention and modifying treatment of age-associated retinal diseases

Aging of the visual system is accompanied by a decline in visual functions and a number of features determined by genetic and epigenetic changes. Studies show that strategies affecting epigenetic mechanisms can lead to a weakening of the features associated with aging and an increase in life expectancy. On the other hand, slowing down aging is an important factor that can stop or decelerate the occurrence of age-associated retinal diseases. Numerous studies have shown various molecular mechanisms underlying aging and proposed a number of therapeutic approaches based on them associated with epigenetic regulations. Geroprotective drugs have been developed to slow down aging and senolytics aimed at removing aging cells. It is recognized that the best prospects are for a therapeutic strategy of multiple approaches, which includes the simultaneous use of several compounds and approaches aimed at different aspects of aging. It is assumed that the combined use of various technologies will also determine the success of gene or cell therapy. Multi-aspect therapy appears to be the most effective method for both decelerating aging and preventing or reducing the signs of age-related retinal diseases. Since most of the methods being developed today are still at the stage of preclinical or clinical trials, the most accessible (and efficient) means for slowing down aging today are healthy longevity technologies, such as physical activity, calorie restriction, and restoration of healthy biorhythms of the body, which are capable of exerting a profound effect on all physiological systems, including the visual system. The results of experimental studies on animals and the first clinical studies of fractal optical stimulation effects in patients with AMD show its promise as a method of geroprotective therapy and visual rehabilitation of patients with age-associated retinal diseases to improve the quality of life and slow down vision loss.

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