Iris defects and methods for their corrections
https://doi.org/10.21516/2072-0076-2026-19-1-198-202
Abstract
Iris defects not only create cosmetic discomfort but also cause decreased visual acuity, complaints of double vision, glare, and photophobia. Today, there are various methods of their correction. The fundamental factor on which the choice of surgical treatment tactics depends is the area of the iris defect. If the defect area is less than 30%, iridoplasty is performed; if it is more than 30%, artificial iris implantation is performed. All surgical methods for eliminating defects have their advantages and disadvantages, therefore ophthalmic surgeons often have different views on treatment tactics. In addition, in some cases, combined methods are used. This review highlights the types of iris defects, their classification and clinical characteristics, and presents various methods of their surgical treatment.
About the Authors
N. P. Sobolev
S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Nikolay P. Sobolev — Dr. of Med. Sci., chief physician
59а, Beskudnikovsky Blvd., Moscow, 127486
S. A. Kakunina
S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Svetlana A. Kakunina — Cand. of Med. Sci., ophthalmic surgeon, researcher of the department of vitreoretinal surgery and eye diabetes
59а, Beskudnikovsky Blvd., Moscow, 127486
M. V. Mikhalochkina
S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Mariia V. Mikhalochkina — resident of the department of vitreoretinal surgery and eye diabetes
59а, Beskudnikovsky Blvd., Moscow, 127486
E. P. Sudakova
S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Ekaterina P. Sudakova — PhD student, department of surgery of the crystalline lens and intraocular correction
59а, Beskudnikovsky Blvd., Moscow, 127486
References
1. Pozdeeva N.A., Pashtaev N.P., Treushnikov V.M., et al. Artificial iridocrystalline diaphragm for reconstructive surgery of combined pathology of the lens and iris. Fyodorov journal of ophthalmic surgery. 2005; 1: 4–7 (In Russ.).
2. Duke-Elder WS. Congenital Deformities. In: Duke-Elder WS, ed. System of Ophthalmology. St. Louis: The C. V. Mosby Company; 1964: 457–614.
3. Pozdeeva N.A., Pashtaev N.P. Artificial iriodal lens diaphragm in the surgical treatment of aniridia. Cheboksary, 2012 (In Russ.).
4. Luo WL, Tong JP, Shen Y. Rigid gas-permeable contact lens for visual rehabilitation in aphakia following trauma. Clin Exp Optom. 2012 Sep; 95 (5): 499–505. doi:10.1111/j.1444-0938.2012.00764.x
5. Diagnosis and Management of Aniridia. American Academy of Ophthalmology. Available at: https://www.aao.org/eyenet/article/diagnosis-management-ofaniridia (access date: 25.01.2025).
6. Singh B, Mohamed A, Chaurasia S, et al. Clinical manifestations of congenital aniridia. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2014; 51 (1): 59–62. doi: 10.3928/01913913-20131223-01
7. Stashkevich S.V., Shanturova M.A. Congential iris coloboma (literature review). Acta Biomedica Scientifica (East Siberian Biomedical Journal). 2009; (5–6): 80–4 (In Russ.).
8. Venger G.E. Classification of traumatic injuries of the iris and indications for their surgical treatment. Current problems of ophthalmology. 1977: 277–9 (In Russ.).
9. Shanturova M.A., Stashkevich S.V. Reconstructive microinvasive surgery of the anterior segment of the eyeball. Acta Biomedica Scientifica (East Siberian Biomedical Journal). 2009; (5–6): 49–51 (In Russ.).
10. Venger G.E., Rykov S.A., Venger L.V. Reconstructive surgery of the iris. Publisher: Logos; 2006 (In Russ.).
11. Sobolev N.P., Bessarabov A.N., Shkandina Yu.V., Soboleva M.A. Reasonable choice of a surgical method for rehabilitation of patients with defects of the iris. Saratov journal of medical scientific research. 2020; 16 (2): 652–5 (In Russ.).
12. Bessarabov A.N., Khodzhaev N.S., Sobolev N.P., Shkandina Y.V. Method for determining the area of the iris defect. RU Patent 2704598; 2019 (In Russ.).
13. Азнабаев М.Т., Суркова В.К., Никова Г.А. Пластическая хирургия радужки. Уфа: Гилем; 1997. [Aznabaev M.T., Surkova V.K., Nikova G.A. Iris plastic surgery. Ufa: Gilem; 1997 (In Russ.).
14. Banta JT, Cebulla CM, Quinn CD. Closed globe injuries: anterior chamber. In: Banta JT, ed. Ocular Trauma. 1st ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders; 2007: 67–88.
15. Onishchenko A.L., Potehin V.K., Vershinina N.A. Surgical rehabilitation of a posttraumatic iris cyst, cataract and astigmatism patient. Ophthalmology in Russia. 2023; 20 (1): 180–4 (In Russ.).
16. Craiu AM. Corneal tatoo-art or science? Oftalmologia. 2009; 53 (2): 97–103. PMID: 19697848.
17. Komarova O.Yu., Izmailova S.B., Novikov S.V., et al. Surgical correction of iris defects by the method of intrastromal femtosecond-laser assisted keratopigmentation using a new gel implant based on a water-soluble polysaccharide and insoluble organic pigments of the CROMOPHTAL series. Practical Medicine. 2018; 16 (4): 169–74 (In Russ.).
18. Linnik L.F., Salok I.I. Intracorneal transplantation of the sclera as a method of closing defects of the iris in experiments. Journal of Ophthalmology. 1975; 30 (7): 543–5 (In Russ.).
19. Fedorov S.N., Zuev V.K., Vagrov S.N., Osipov A.V., Isaenko M.V. Surgical correction of aniridia and iris defects. Ophthalmosurgery. 1990; 2: 20–2 (In Russ.).
20. Chaudhry IA, Al-Ghamdi AA, Kirat O, et al. Bilateral infectious keratitis after implantation of intrastromal corneal ring segments. Cornea. 2010; 29 (3): 339–41. doi: 10.1097/ICO.0b013e3181a87b35
21. Mulet ME, P rez-Santonja JJ, Ferrer C, Ali JL. Microbial keratitis after intrastromal corneal ring segment implantation. J Refract Surg. 2010; 26 (5): 364–9. doi: 10.3928/1081597X-20090617-06
22. Takhchidi Kh.P. Selected sections of ocular microsurgery. Lens capsule. Ekaterinburg; 1988 (In Russ.).
23. Lin SR, Miller KM. Lessons learned from implantation of Morcher 50D and 96S artificial iris diaphragms. Case Rep Ophthalmol. 2017; 8 (3): 527–34. doi: 10.1159/000484128
24. Petousis V, Krause L, Willerding G, Foerster MH, Bechrakis NE. Results and complications after implantation of a black iris-lens diaphragm in patients with traumatically induced aphakia and aniridia. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2011; 21 (6): 754–9. doi: 10.5301/EJO.2011.6484
25. Li J, Dong XG. Black diaphragm intraocular lens implantation and penetrating keratoplasty in aphakic eyes with traumatic aniridia. Int J Ophthalmol. 2013; 6 (2): 183–6. doi: 10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2013.02.15
26. Price MO, Price FW Jr, Chang DF, et al. Ophtec iris reconstruction lens United States clinical trial phase I. Ophthalmology. 2004; 111 (10): 1847–52. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2004.04.023
27. Lee SJ. Traumatic aniridia and aphakia after Artisan intraocular lens implantation. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2007; 33 (7): 1341–2. doi: 10.1016/j.jcrs.2007.03.037
28. Burk SE, Da Mata AP, Snyder ME, et al. Prosthetic iris implantation for congenital, traumatic, or functional iris deficiencies. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2001; 27 (11): 1732–40. doi: 10.1016/s0886-3350(01)01124-5
29. Weissbart SB, Ayres BD. Management of aniridia and iris defects: an update on iris prosthesis options. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2016; 27 (3): 244–9. doi: 10.1097/ICU.0000000000000253
30. Rickmann A, Szurman P, Januschowski K, et al. Long-term results after artificial iris implantation in patients with aniridia. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2016; 254 (7): 1419–24. doi: 10.1007/s00417-016-3292-3
31. Ioshin I.E., Egorova E.V., Tolchinskaya A.I., Sobolev N.P. Surgical treatment of traumatic aniridia and aphakia using iridium-lens diaphragm. New in Ophthalmology. 2000; 1: 34–5 (In Russ.).
32. Ioshin I.E., Novikov S.V., Sobolev N.P., et al. A disassemblable design of the iris-lens diaphragm in reconstructive surgery for combined pathology of the iris and lens. Fyodorov Journal of Ophthalmic Surgery. 2006; 3: 15–9 (In Russ.).
33. Ioshin I.E., Egorova E.V., Sobolev N.P., et al. Reconstructive surgery of traumatic injuries of the iris and lens using an artificial eye diaphragm. Fyodorov journal of ophthalmic surgery. 2002; 2: 15–9 (In Russ.).
34. Pozdeeva N.A., Pashtaev N.P., Treushnikov V.M., et al. Experimental rationale for the use of a new model of the artificial iridolens stop for reconstructive surgery. Vestnik oftal’mologii. 2006; 122 (3): 30–3 (In Russ.).
35. Pozdeyeva NA, Pashtayev NP, Lukin VP, Batkov YN. Artificial iris-lens diaphragm in reconstructive surgery for aniridia and aphakia. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2005; 31 (9): 1750–9. doi: 10.1016/j.jcrs.2005.02.037
36. Okasha K. Artificial iris-lens diaphragm in congenital aniridia. Practical medicine. 2015; 2–1 (87): 83–7 (In Russ.).
37. Saakyan S.V., Chentsova E.V., Andreeva T.A. Artificial iridolenticular diaphragm implantation after a block excision of an iridocilliary tumor. Fyodorov Journal of Ophthalmic Surgery. 2009; (5): 52–4 (In Russ.).
38. Pozdeeva N.A., Pashtaev N.P., Treushnikiv V.M., Viktorova E.A., Starostina O.V. New model of artificial iris-lens diaphragm for correction of large iris defects (clinical and functional results of implantation). Vestnik oftal’mologii. 2013; 129 (3): 521–6 (In Russ.).
39. Khodzhaev N.S., Sobolev N.P., Shkandina Yu.V. Application of sectional modification of the iris-lens diaphragm in optical-reconstractive surgery. Izvestia of the Russian military medical academy. 2018; 37 (2): 40–4 (In Russ.).
Review
For citations:
Sobolev N.P., Kakunina S.A., Mikhalochkina M.V., Sudakova E.P. Iris defects and methods for their corrections. Russian Ophthalmological Journal. 2026;19(1):198-202. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.21516/2072-0076-2026-19-1-198-202
Views:
178
JATS XML
Email this article 