New aspects of immunopathogenesis of retinopathy of prematurity: the role of TGF-β1 and IGF-II in pathological vascularization of the retina

Studying immunological aspects of pathogenesis of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) helps develop new approaches to prevention, rational diagnosis and increase of the effectiveness of treatment of the disease. Purpose: to analyze the level of growth factors in blood serum of premature infants belonging to the group of ROP risk at the pre-clinical stage and find out how this level is related to further development and course of the disease. Material and methods. 85 prematurely born infants of the ROP risk group were examined. The average gestational age at birth was 27.7 ± 2.2 weeks, the average birth weight - 1086.1 ± 266.1 g. The examination included dynamic ophthalmoscopy and determination of the content of VEGF-A in blood serum (using a flow cytometer BD FACS Canto II) and TGF- β1, IGF-I, IGF-II (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using a c-test system Bender MedSystems, Austria). Results. During the first ophthalmoscopic examination, i.e. before the clinical manifestation of the disease, blood serum of children who later developed ROP that subsequently required laser coagulation of avascular retinal areas, was found to have relatively higher concentrations of VEGF-A (above 1300 pg/ml) and IGF-II (above 140 pg/ml) and lower IGF-I concentrations (below 24 pg/ml) and TGF- β1 (below 8000 pg/ml) as compared with the groups of "safe" children. A dynamic study of VEGF-A content and, simultaneously, TGF- β1 content showed uniform changes in the concentration of these growth factors at all observation times. Conclusion. It was shown for the first time that high IGF-II and low TGF- β1 concentrations revealed before the clinical manifestation of the disease can be viewed as prognostically unfavorable as far as subsequent development of severe ROP is concerned. Uniform changes of TGF- β1 and VEGF-A level in blood serum during ROP development may indicate to the synergistic participation of these growth factors in the pathological vasoproliferation. Further studies are required to determine the details of how this mechanism works // Russian Ophthalmological Journal, 2017; 1: 20-5. doi: 10.21516/2072-0076-2017-10-1-20-25

ретинопатия недоношенных, иммунопатогенез, TGF-β1, IGF-II, retinopathy of prematurity, immunopathogenesis, TGF- β1, IGF-I

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