Модифицирующее лечение дегенеративных заболеваний сетчатки. Часть 1. Адаптивная и неадаптивная пластичность сетчатки

Структурная пластичность сетчатки проявляется при ее повреждении различной природы, ответ на которое во многих случаях идентичен на клеточном и молекулярном уровне, включает сходный набор клеточных сигналов и ассоциируется с изменением структуры сетчатки и ремоделированием схемы нейронных соединений. В обзоре обсуждаются общие признаки и специфические особенности адаптивной и неадаптивной ретинальной пластичности, характеризующие такие заболевания, как глаукома, возрастная макулярная дегенерация, пигментный ретинит, диабетическая ретинопатия и ретинопатия недоношенных. С учетом общности признаков нейродегенерации и ретинальной пластичности при заболеваниях головного мозга и сетчатки для сохранения связности структуры и функции сетчатки во многих случаях могут применяться сходные терапевтические стратегии, которые останавливают или замедляют клиническую эволюцию заболевания либо путем подавления первичных событий, либо путем усиления компенсаторных и регенеративных механизмов в нервной ткани. Во 2-й части обзора будут представлены методы модифицирующей терапии дегенеративных заболеваний сетчатки, основанные на нейропластичности.

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